pf 



J CENTS. 



EASTERN OR "NEAR-BY" EDITION. 












^W 



W mfcrrnrflii y* 



M 




METALS 





NEWLY ENLARGED AND REVISED TO DATE. 



THE H. B. SMITH COMPANY, 

137 Centre St., New York City, 



Manufacturers of 



Stehpi iip Water Hehtihb Hpphhhtus 

Mil all tie Latest Innate. 




►=3 



TO 



fc=d 






FOR HIGH OR LOW PRESSURE 

For Heating ffllic Biliis ai Private Mere. 

GOLD & MILLS BOILERS 

With New Improvements for Hard or Soft Coal, 
arranged for Steam or Water Heating 1 , 

EEED'S IMPEOVED OAST-IKON EADIATOES. 

WHITTIEE'S DIEEOT EADIATOES. 

ooniiD's insnDiiRiEjaa? b^di^tobs 

With Flange or Nipple Joints, 

AND 

Brecken ridge's Pat. Automatic Air Valves. 



Send for Catalogues. 



Foundry, Westfield, Mas? 



'L 



MULTUM IN PARVO." 







A MANUAL OF USEFUL INFORMATION, 



OF ESPECIAL IMPORTANCE TO DEALEES IN 






MACHINISTS', 
GAS-FITTERS' AND PLUMBERS' MATERIALS, 

AS WELL AS THE VARIOUS WOKKERS IN USEFUL METALS. 



-INCLUDING ALSO- 



A NUMBER OF ADDITIONAL PAGES, GIVING INFORMATION OF A MORE 

GENERAL CHARACTER. 



COMPILED FBOM VARIOUS SOURCES BY 



<> V 




L J.IJN 15 K 



NEW YORK : 

HENRY HOPKINS & CO., 
99 Keade St. 
1888. 



Entered according to Act of Congress by Henry Hopkins & Co. in the year 1888 in the 
Office of the Librarian of Coagress at Washington, D. 0. 



^ 



ofc 



Factories at Toledo, Ohio, 



.^V« 



Largest in the World. 






Wholesale Manufacturers of 

FARM, ' 3Mfc Fan Carts, 

FREIGHT, 

AND 

LUMBER 



ALL STYLES AND SIZES OF 




j^au aai 




apt, 

OPEN AND WITH TOP, 

Constantly on Hand and Made to Order. 

LIGHT 

and ummmnmmn and HEAVY 




ALL WORK WARRANTED. 

Exclusive Sale Orivezi to .A-grezits. 

Send for Illustrated Catalogues to 

terA Branch Miltnrn Wagon Company 

ALBANY, N. Y. 




INDEX TO ADVERTISERS. 



PAGE. 



AL FORD & BERKELE CO.-Spiral and Screw-Holding Screw-Drivers 58 

AMERICAN BOLT AND SCREW CASE CO. -Bolt and Screw Cases 168 

AMERICAN MACHINE C O. -Cream-Freezers and Ice-Chippers 4b 

AUBURN TACK CO.-Tacks and Small Nails 

BAILEY WRINGING MACHINE CO.-Clothes-WriBgers 32 

BERRIDCE, T.&SON.-Tinners'SHears ™ 

BISSELL CARPET-SWEEPER CO.-Carpet-Sweepers 38 

BRITTON, JOSHUA& SON. -Henry's Tool-Sets «> 

BODLEY, C. E.-Tinners' Reference Bo ok .- 

BOSLEY D. W. & CO.— Rubber Weatherstrips 

BROWNING, s'lSUM &CO.-Belt Hooks, Cotter Keys, etc • 102 

BUSHNELL'S PRICE BO OK. -For Hardware Dealers 28 

BRUCE & COOK.— Metals and Tinners' Supplies 10 * 

CATSKILL "RECORDER."-B»ntingofallKinds * 

CHAPMAN, W. H. & CO. -Sleigh Bells and Specialties »» 

CHICAGO SPRING BUTT CO. -Spring Butts 88 

CINCINNATI CORRUGATING CO. -Iron Roofing 36 

CHIEFTAIN HAY RAKE CO. -Agricultural Specialties 74 

COMMON SENSE MFC. CO. -Burglar Alarm 6 

COXHEAD, J. F.-Saw.Vises and Sets 

CURTIS & CO.— Gas and Steam Fittings 

DIXON CRUCIBLE CO.— Lubricating Compounds, etc ••••• ** 

EDWARD STORM SPRING CO.-Bumb Waiters *0 

EDWARD STORM SPRING CO. -Cannon's Nail-Sets lib 

EMPIRE WRINGER CO. -Clothes-Wringers 18 

ELIZABETHPORT STEAM CORDAGE CO --Cordage and Binder Twine. 54 

EUREKA FIRE HOSE CO.— Fire and Garden Hose 60 

FULLER BROS. & CO. -Cut Nails and Spikes 50 

GRAHAM, J. H.& CO. -Manufacturers' Agents 8* 

GLEASON & ALL EN. -Eagle Washer-Cutters £ 

GEICER & BUSH.-Copper Kettles * 

GEIGER,J.-Kettle Stand • ■••• 

GEORGE GRIFFITHS COMPANY.-Shovels, Spades and Scoops 68 

GRIFFINC, H. B. -Agricultural Implements 15 * 

GRIGGS A. | .—Daisy and Favorite Stove Boards I 10 

GILBERT & BENNETT MFC. CO.-Boultry Netting and Wire Cloth 8 

CURNEY HOT-WATER HEATER CO. -Gurney Heaters 34 

CUYON C. F. & CO.— Manufacturers' Agents - # 74 

HAMMOND, B .— " Slug Shot " and Cottage Colors ** 

HARDER, M I NARD. -Threshing Machines ™ 

HOLBROOK BROTHERS.-Window Glass *•« 1** 

HOPKINS, HENRY.-Hardware ; 20 

IRON-CLAD MFC, CO.— Galvanized Iron Goods 13 2 

IVES, HOBART B. & CO. -Patent Sash Locks ••• 120 

JAYNE & CROSBY.— ''New Departure" Wardrobe Hooks 50 

3 



The Publishers having made every effort to make this 
Book an acceptable gift to the Dealer to whom it is sent, 
would be pleased to receive in reply a Postal Card ac- 
knowledgment of its having safely arrived. 




THIS VOLUME 






WAS PEINTED BY THE 

Bpfifinnn? Drintivh UniiQc 






fltuuiiiJnt fnijmp fltiUuL 

CATSKILL, N. Y. 


■ 




The contract was obtained in competi- 
tion with metropolitan printers, both in 
price and quality of work. 






"By Our Work J* Ds." 






Estimates on any kind of Book or Com- 
mercial Printing furnished on application. 






Address 






The Recorder Printing House, 






CATSKILL, N. Y. 




If you wish to receive Bottom Prices when writing to 


Advertisers for Catalogues, just mention having seen the 
advertisement in Hopkins' Handy Notes and Queries. 



NDEX TO ADVERTISERS-Continued. 



PAGE. 

JENNINGS, C. E. & CO.— Chisels and Auger Bits in Boxes 100 

JOHNSTON, H . M .—Standard Kalsomine 82 

JONESOF BIN C H AMTO N .— Hay, Platform and Counter Scales 148 

JONES, JESSE & CO.— Wood Shelf Boxes for Hardware 26 

KAMPFE BROS.-" Star "Safety Razors 54 

KNIGHT'S MECHANICAL DICTIONARY.-For Hardware Dealers 28 

KOCH ADJUSTABLE BRACKET CO. -Adjustable Shelf Brackets 148 

LADD, WILLIAM J.— Ladd's Discount Book Cover pp. 4 

LANE MANUFACTURING C O .—Barndoor Hangers and Measuring Faucets. . . 64 

LEE, JESSE & SONS.— Horse and Toilet Clippers 26 

LECCETT, C. P. MFG. CO. of New Jersey.— Door Knobs 78 

MALTBY, HENLEY & C O .-Giant Nail-Pullers 90 

MASON, JAMES W. JR. -Skates, Dog Collars, etc 78 

MILBURN WAGON CO. -Farm Wagons.. 2 

MONTGOMERY & CO.— Mechanics' and Jewelers' Supplies 80 

MORSE, WILLIAMS & CO.-Hoists and Elevators 8 

MUNSELL, EUGENE & CO.-Mica ios 

NATIONALHARNESSCO .—Harness and Specialties 30 

NEW YORK ELBOW CO.— Elbows and Empire Boasters Cover pp. 3 

NORTHFIELD KNIFE CO. -Pocket Cutlery 30 

NORTH AM PTON CUTLERY CO.-Table Cutlery, etc 42 

NORWICH LOCK MFC. CO. -Locks, Knobs, etc 32 

NORWOOD, J.— "Norwood's" Sand Screens 36 

PALMER MANUFACTURING C O .—Brass and Copper Specialties 114 

PARKIN, WM. H.— Emery Knife-Sharpeners 8o 

PEASE, J. F. FURNACE CO. -Hot-Air Furnaces 10 

QUEEN ANNE SCREEN CO.— Adjustable Window Screens, etc... 72 

RAYMOND LEAD C O .—Compressed Lead Sash Weights 142 

RICHARDSON BROS.— Saws of any Kind 62 

ROGERS FENCE CO.— "Superior "Lawn-Mowers 96 

ROSS, W. A. & BRO- Patent Eye Sash Weights 142 

SARGENT &CO Facing 96-97 

STANLEY RULE AND LEVEL CO. -Improved Carpenters' Tools 160 

SCHENCK ADJUSTABLE FIRE BACK CO. -Screw Cases 114 

SISE, GIBSON & CO.— "Horse Shoe" and "Horse Hoof" Padlocks 92 

SMITH, H. B. CO.— Steam Heating Apparatus Cover pp 2 

SCHOLLHORN, WM. & CO. -"Star" Scissors and Shears....!.... 120 

SOMMER'S JOHN, SON.— Cork-Lined and Metal-Key Faucets 158 

TAPSCOTT & HI BBERD.— Tinners' Tools and Machines 108 

TRAVERS BROTHERS.— "Peerless "SashJCords and Twines 70 

TRENTON IRON CO.-Iron Wire, Bale Ties, etc 98 

TITUS ABABCOCK.-Cliff's Bolster Spring 150 

VULCANIZED FIBER CO. -Axle- Washers 102 

WARREN EH RET CO. -Roofing Materials 82 

WESTERN FILE CO.-Files of all kinds 66 

WESTERVELT, A. B. Sl W. T. -Ornamental Iron Works 146 




AWARDED MEDAL AMERICAN INSTITUTE FAIR 
COMMON SENSE 

BURGLAR ALARM, 

an ingenious invention operating as an 

AUTOMATIC WATCHMAN. 



No mechanical skill required to adjust it, nor batteries 
or wires to operate it. It combines 

Simplicity, Durability and Security. 

Quick in action and creating a loud and continu- 
ous noise. Adapted for use in Dwellings, Offices, 
Pat. No. 307,058. Stores, Hotels, Boarding Houses, and can be at- 
tached to Doors, Windows, Money Drawers, Stables, Henneries, etc. A 
reliable protection from Burglars, Till-Tappers and Chicken-Thieves. 
Sample by Mail $1.50. Liberal Discount to the Trade. 

COMMON SENSE MFG. CO., 

SOLE PROPRIETORS AND MANUFACTURERS, 

30 VESEY STBEET, ^TE^TT" "^OIKIE^. 

THE EAGLE WASHER CUTTER. 

GLEASON'S PAT. 

TUB BEST in the Worlfl. 

Price per doz., 
polished... $12.00 

Price per doz., 
nickel plated 18.00 

Extra Knives, 
per doz. pr's 2.00 

Extra Knives, 
per doz. pr's 
nickel plated 



♦ADVANTAGES. ♦ 

This Washer Cutter has a shoul- 
dered point, which recedes as the 
knives enter the leather, so that 
the point does not have to be forced 
through the leather to cut the 
washer. In all other Washer Cut- 
ters the point is fixed, and if it is 
made blunt, a great deal of pres- 
sure is required to force it into the 
leather, while if it is made slim to 
pierce the leather, the disk of 
leather cut from the inside of the 
washer is apt to bind between the 
center point and the knife, re- 
quiring considerable force to re- 
move it, and involving much dan- 
ger of cutting the fingers in doing 
so. It is only necessary to cut one 
washer with this cutter to be con- 
vinced of its superiority. 



ONLY BY 



GLEAM & ALLEN, 




3.00 



For sale by the Hardware 
Trade. 



TERRYVILLE. COM. 



The Following" New op Reconstructed Pages are Published 
for the First Time in the "Near-By" Edition. 

Page. 

INTEREST LAWS AND STATUTES OF LIMITATIONS 29 

THE METRIC SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS, etc., converted into English 39 

SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WEIGHT of Various Substances 41 

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY, and the Non-Conductivity of Coverings... 43 

COMMON NAMES OF VARIOUS CHEMICALS 45 

CUT NAILS AND TACKS, also Gauges of Wire Brads 49 

EXTRA PRICES ON CUT NAILS, and Rules for ordering Metals, etc 51 

MANILA CORDAGE.— A New Table of Weights, etc 55 

OVAL SLIDE AND SOLID BOX VISES, Boxes and Screws 57 

TABLE OF DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS 59 

WEIGHT OF HORSE SHOES AND NAILS, Tire Iron and Steel 61 

REGULAR STANDARD SIZES OF FILES...... 67 

WEIGHT OF BLOCK-TIN P I P E and Cast-iron Balls 71 

STANDARD SIZES OF HEADS FOR BOLTS .... 78 

DIFFERENT STANDARDS OF WIRE GAUGE in U. S 81 

ROUND AND OVAL-HEAD RIVETS and Shrinkage of Castings 83 

TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE WIRE.-Sizes, Weight and Strength... 86 

LENGTHS AND GAUGES OF STANDARD WIRE NAILS 89 

APPROXIMATE NUMBER OF " " " topound. 91 

TABLE OF WIRE HOISTING RO PE. -Sizes, Nos. and Strength 99 

FANNING MILL CLOTH. -Mesh, Gauges and Sizes 101 

WIRE BALE TIES.— Gauges, Sizes and Uses 103 

SHEET COPPER.— Gutter and Boiler and Sheathing Sizes Ill and 124 

SEAMLESS BRASS, COPPER AND ZINC TUBING lis 

" COPPER TUBING, and Iron-Pipe Sizes 120 

SIZES AND COMPARATIVE STRENGTH of IRON COLUMNS-. 123 
EXTRA. PRICES OF BAR IRON and Weight of Crowbars 124 

BREAKING STRAIN OF VARIOUS MATERIALS 125 

HOOP IRON.— Wire Gauge and Weight to foot 125 

BOILER R I VETS.— Sizes and Number in Keg 131 

GALVANIZED SHEET I RON. -New Computations 133 

MACHINE BOLTS AND BOLT E NDS. -Weight of loo, any size 136 

LAC SCREWS.— Weight of 100, any size 137 

GEOMETRICAL DEFINITIONS 137 

BRASS ESCUTCHEON PINS. -Number to a pound 139 

WEIGHT AND DIMENSIONS OF N. Y. SASH WEIGHTS U3 

QUANTITY OF SLATES IN ANY NUMBER OF SQUARES HO 

STANDARD RULES FOR MEASURING SLATE ROOFING • 149 

WORKSHOP RECIPE S .—Various Cements 153 

DIMENSIONS OF VARIOUS MEASURES OF CAPACITY 157 

CAPACITY OF CISTERNS, TANKS, etc., and Rules for Measuring 159 

7 



MORSE ELEVATOR WORKS 



Morse, Williams & Co. 

Manufacturers and Builders of All Kinds of 





EL1VAT0 





With Most Approved Safety Devices. 

a 

Hardware dealers wanted to act as Agents. 

MAIN OFFICE AND WOEKS : 

Frankford Ave., Wildey and Shackamaxon Sts., 

PHILADELPHIA. 

New York Office, 108 Liberty St. 



ESTABLISHED 1818. 



THE 



INCORPORATED 1874. 



GILBERT & BENNETT MFG. CO., 




Warehouses : 42 Cliff St., New York. 228 Lake St., Chicago, III. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

IRON AND GALVANIZED 

Sieves and Wire Cloth, Power Loom Painted and Galvanized Window Screen Wire Cloth, 

Galvanized Wire Cloth for Drying Fruits, World's Galvanized Web Wire 

Fence, Galvanized Twist Wire Poultry Netting. 

FACTORIES, - - G-EORG-ET01771T, C©*TN- 



PREFACE 



TIi is Publication has received at all bands a cordial welcome 
and grateful preservation* Tbe contents represent montbs of re- 
search and solicitation, of patient observation and incessant 
labor; and although the Book was originally compiled for Per- 
sonal use, the knowledge that it would be found useful to EVERY 
dealer in Hardware and Metals, has caused its publication and ex- 
tended distribution under the advertising patronage of so many 
Representative Mouses* 

Its future value can only be assured by making those Ad- 
vertisers believe that it fills its mission of usefulness, and is kept 
by the Bealer -who receives it, and who, in his quest for infor- 
mation corresponds with its many Advertisers, asking them for 
Catalogues and quotations ; at the same time increasing the value 
of "Handy Notes and Queries," by stating it was among its pages 
the advertisement was seen which suggested .the application* 

The necessity for a Handy Book of Beference similar to this 
has been manifest for a great many years ; and that such a compil- 
ation would prove of undoubted utility, has been often experienced 
by dealers in the various articles to which this work refers* 

It is no doubt true that many books have been already pub- 
lished, which, singly or collectively, contain nearly all the items of 
information carefully embodied in this, but most of them are 
works of limited circulation, not readily obtained, and frequently 
costing a price that places them beyond the reach of many dealers 
most apt to need the information* 

This work has been compiled from a multitude of sources witb 
a great degree of care, and the information herein contained will 
be found quite reliable, and from the scarcity of similar publica- 
tions, should naturally recommend its careful preservation* "%' 

By comparison with Haswell, Trautwine and other author- 
ities, these tables will be more easily understood by practical 
mechanics, and consequently found susceptible of an immediate 
simple demonstration without going thro' prescribed forms of 
computation, natural enough to those whose education has been 
of a technical character, but thoroughly bewildering to most of 
us who have " risen from the ranks*" 

Wherever possible I have refrained from following the " Has- 
well" method of expressing all sizes by decimal notation; think- 
ing it simpler to say 3-16, instead of .1875 ; 5-16, instead of .312.3; 
Ac, the desired information being more easily obtained without 
the necessity of using mentally an unfamiliar process of reduction. 

JHy principal object has been to be of some service to those 
following my own business, feeling confident from the assistance 
I have myself so frequently received, by having these "Handy 
Notes" within reach will also be appreciated by them* Thus 
i hey may often save many moments of anxious worry over 
unexpected problems that may occur in every rtjnv work* 

H* H. 



CONTENTS. 

Page. 

A C C E P T A N C E S .—Rules regarding them 22 

AMERICAN GRADES OF EMERY. -Cloth and Paper 79 

A N C H O RS.— Size required for ship's tonnage 53 

APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. -Table of 33 

ARTESIAN WELL TUBES.— Weight and dimensions of 135 

ATLAS POWDER. — Marks, qualities and how packed 151 

" *' Size of cartridges and weight in ounces 151 

AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. -Table of 33 

AXES, BENCH.— Standard cut of each No 65 

BALE TIES, WIRE.— Uses, sizes, length and gauges 103 

BALLS, CAST IRON.— Weight of various sizes 71 

BARBED WIRE .—Table of weights and measurements 97 

BAR IRON.— Flat, weight to foot '. .126-127 

Round, weight to foot 128 

* ' Square, weight to foot 129 

' ' Extra prices for each size 124 

ST E E L.— Flat, weight to foot 139 

*' Round, Square and Octagon, weight to foot 140 

LEAD.— Weight to foot 134 

BILLS OF EXCHANGE explained 22 

BLOCKS, TACKLE.— diameter of sheaves and size of rope taken 57 

BOILER TUBES.— La p welded; weight and dimensions 135 

IRON . — Legal thickness required and pressure allowed 131 

" * * Weight of, to square foot 131 

" RIVE TS .— No. in 1Q0 pounds 131 

BOLT ENDS.— Weight of 100 136 

" HEADS.— Standard sizes of 75 

BOLTS, MACHINE.-No. to 100 pounds 136 

B O X E S .—Capacity of various sizes 157 

BRADS, WIRE. -Standard gauges 49 

BRASS, BAR AND SHEET.-Weighttofoot 115 

BRASS WIRE. -Weight of lOOfeet 95 

KETTLES. — Weight and capacity of each size 113 

" TUBING.— Weight per foot. 118 

SHE ET.— Heavy, weight to square foot 115 

" PLATES.— Weight to square foot 117 

BRAZED COPPER PI PES. -Weight to foot 118 

BRAZIERS' RIVETS.— Number in a pound 113 

BREAKING STRAIN upon Various Materials 125 

BUTTS, BRASS.— Width when open and screws required 79 

CAST. — Screws required for each size 77 

WROUGHT.— Screws required for each size 77 

BUILDERS' REFERENCE TABLE.-Size of sashes, etc 143 

BUSINESS LAWS in Daily Use 19-21 

BUTCH ER:KN IVES.— Wilson's, length of each No 69 

CAPS, PERCUSSION.— Eley's " E. B." consecutive numbering 69 

CAPACITY OF FREIGHT CARS 138 

CAPACITY OF CISTERNS AND TANKS 159 

CAPACITY OF VARIOUS BOXES AND MEASURES 157 

CAST IRON COLUMNS.— Sizes and limit of strength 123 

CASTERS, BED AND PLATE.-Size of wheels 69 

II 



CONTENTS-Continued. 

Pagk. 

CEM E NT.— To harden quickly 152 

* * For leather belting 152 

* ' For annealing boxes 153 

" For Gas Retorts 153 

' ' For Broken Iron Vessels 153 

** For Closing Stove Doors 153 

" For Filling Faults in Castings 153 

CEMENT, RUST.-Forlron 153 

" FIRE-PROOF 153 

CHAINS, COIL.— Weight of Common and Proved to foot 53 

' ' Strength of Tested , 53 

** GERMAN.— Wire Gauge, weight and strength 53 

CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES expressed by common names..'. 45 

CIRCULAR SAWS.— Standard Gauges and directions for ordering 63 

CISTERNS, TANKS, RESERVOIRS. -Capacity of 159 

CISTERNS. — Capacity of in barrels and Rules for measuring 159 

CLOTH, WIRE. — Gauge sizes and mesh of screen and mill 101 

COLUMNS, CAST IRON. -Sizes and strength 123 

COMMON NAMES for Chemical Substances 45 

CONDUCTIVITY ELECTRICAL.— Of various substances 43 

COAL SCREENS.— Mesh required by dealers 101 

CO PARTN E RSH I P.— Legal Requirements of 22 

COPPER, BAR AND SHEET. -Weight to foot 115 

COPPER, SHEET.— Gutter and Boiler, Standard sizes and weight Ill 

' * Standard sizes and weight of each sheet Ill 

' ' Weight to square foot Ill 

PLATES.— Weight to square foot 117 

SHEATHING.— Weight per sheet and number to case 124 

RIVETS AND BURS.— Methods of putting up 51 

" *' ** Number of each size in pound 113 

WIRE .—Weight to 100 feet 95 

PIPES.— Weight to foot 118 

TUBING.— Weight to foot 118 

" PIPE SIZE.— Weight to foot 119 

COPPERS, SOLDERING.— Standard sizes and shapes 51 

CORDAGE. — Number of pounds to the foot 55 

Approximate weight and strength 55 

CORUNDUM. — Grades of fineness of each number 79 

COTTERS, SPRING.— Sizes, dimensions and uses of each 103 

CROSS TIES.— Number required to mile of track 138 

CROWBARS. — Weight and dimensions of each size 65 

CUBIC MEASURE. -Table of 35 

CUT NAILS.— Length and number of each in pound 49 

* ' * * Extra cost of special sizes 51 

" SPIKES. — Number of each in a keg 52 

" TACKS. — Length and number of each in pound 49 

C YLI N D RIC AL VESS E LS.— Capacity of various sizes 157 

DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS.-For parts of an inch 59 

For parts of millimeters 59 

DRAFTS AND ACCEPTANCES.— »nles regarding them 23 

D RAI N P I P E.— Practical rules for laying 152 

DRAWN TUBING .—Seamless, weight to f oot 118 

12 



CONTENTS-Continued. 

Page. 

DRY MEASURE. -Table of 35 

EFFECTSOF HEAT ON VARIOUS METALS Hi 

E M E R Y. — Grade of fineness of each number 79 

" PAPER AND CLOTH.— Comparative grading 79 

ESCUTCHEON PINS, BRASS.-Number to pound 139 

EXCHANGE, FOREIGN. -Value of explained 23 

EXTRA PRICES for Cut Nails and Spikes 51 

. " *' " Wire " " " 87 

** " " special sizes of Bar Iron 124 

FENCE POST S .— How to prepare 152 

FENCE WIRE, BARBED.— Weight and dimensions of 97 

FILES . — Standard length, width and thickness 67 

FREIGHT CARS. -Capacity of .....138 

FUSE, SAFETY.— Qualities and quantities 151 

" * ' Quantity usually packed in a barrel 151 

GAS PIPE, WELDED.— Weight and dimensions of 135 

GALVANIZED SHEET I RON. -Weight to square foot, etc 133 

GAUGES, Wl RE. -Brown & Sharp's 81 

Birmingham or Stubs' 81 

Washburn & Moen's 81 

Trenton Iron Co's , 81 

G. W. Prentiss's 81 

"Old English "from Brass Mfrs.'List 81 

STUBS', expressed in parts of an inch 101 

GEOMETRICAL DEFINITIONS 137 

GERMAN COIL CHAIN.— Wire Gauge, strength and weight to 100 feet 53 

GLASS, WINDOW.— Number of panes in a box 145 

GRINDSTONES.— How to obtain the weight of 45 

GUN GAUGE, E N GLISH .—Expressed in fractions of an inch 69 

HARD SOLDERS and process for making 109 

H ATC H ETS-— Standard length of cut of each No 65 

HATTERS' SIZES. -Table of 69 

HEADS FOR IRON BOLTS. -Standard sizes of 75 

HINGES, STRAP AND T.^-Sizes of screws required 77 

" ** " Weight of dozen, of heavy sizes 77 

HOOP IRON.— Number of feet in bundle 125 

" Wire Gauges and weight to foot 125 

HORSE SHOES.— Weight of each size 61 

" SHOE NAILS. — Length and number in a pound of each size 61 

INCOME FROM INVESTMENTS at various costs 25 

INTEREST.— Simple method of calculating 27 

' ' Periods of time at which money doubles 27 

" LAWS throughout the United States 29 

RULES for various percentages 25 

IRON PIPE.— Sizes and weights 119 

IRON, BAND.— Number of feet in bundle 129 

BAR. — List of extras for the various sizes 124 

B O I L E R.— Weight to square foot 131 

Legal thickness and pressure required 131 

FLAT.— Weight to running foot 126-127 

* * Number of feet in a bundle 128 

ROUND. —Weight to running foot .128 

13 



CONTENTS— Continued. 

Page. 

IRON, SQUARE.— Weight to running foot 129 

" HOOP AND SCROLL.— Number of feet in bundle... 125 

" ROUND AND SQUARE.- " " " " " 129 

** RAILS. — Amount required for mile of track 138 

" SHEET AND PLATE.— Weight to square foot '.. 130 

* ' * ' RUSSIA.— Weight to square foot and per sheet 140 

" " " Wire Ga\ige and number compared 140 

" * ' AMERICAN .—Wire Gauge, weight and size in curront use 140 

" " GALVANIZED.— Weight per sheet and square foot 133 

" * * * * Price per square foot at .various discounts 133 

" TIRE, IN SETS.— Number of pounds in 54 feet 61 

" VALUE TO TON, at lOths of a cent variation 123 

** WIRE. — Gauge, Diameter and Breaking Strain 85 

" ** Length in a bundle and 1 cwt .. 85 

" " Weight of 100 yards and 1 mile •.. 85 

" " Sizes expressed in fractions of an inch 85 

" ■« " » "decimals" " " 101 

KETTLES, B R ASS.— Weight and capacity of 113 

LAC, OR WOOD SCREWS.— Weight of 100 each size 137 

LAP-WELDED TUBES.— Sizes and dimensions of.. 135 

LAWS, BUSINESS.— In every-day use 19-21 

LEAD PIPE .—Standard weights of 121 

'* SHEET.— Weights to square foot 134 

'* BAR.— Weights to lineal foot 134 

LIGHTNING ROD TUBES.— Weight of Copper and Zinc to foot 118 

LINEAL OR SURVEYORS' MEASURE. -Table of 33 

LIQUID MEASURE. -Table of 35 

LIST OF STANDARD THREADS on Bolts and Nuts 71 

LONG MEASURE. -Table of 33 

MACHINE BOLTS.— Number in 100 lbs 136 

MANDRELS, CIRCULAR SAW.-Standard sizes 63 

MATHEMATICAL RULES.-Some useful ones 122 

MEASURES OF CAPACITY.— Table of dimensions of 157 

M ETALS. — Rules for computing the weights of 122 

* * Weight of, per cubic inch and foot 41 

* * Relative malleability of 94 

" " gravity of 94 

** AND ALLOYS.— Specific gravity and weight of 41 

METRIC (MICROMETER) CALIPER.— Decimal equivalents for its use.... 59 

METRIC SYSTEM converted to English Standards ... 39 

* * " of Weights and Measures 37 

MILL SAWS. — Standard gauges in inches 63 

MOLASSES GATES. — Diameter and bore of each No 69 

NAILS, C UT.— Derivation of word " Penny " 49 

'* ** Number of each to pound or keg 49 

" ** Prices of all extras above lOd. rate 51 

** HORSE SHOE. — Standard length and number in each pound 61 

* * W IRE . — Approximate number in pound 93 

* ' Differences in prices above standard 87 

* * Standard, dimensions of each size 89 

" " Standard gauges, No. and length , 89 

** ** AND SPIKES.— Dength and number of each in a pound 89 

14 



CONTENTS-Continued. 

Page. 

NON-CONDUCTIVITY of Various Coverings for Steam use 43 

NUTS, WROUGHT.— Dimensions of all regular sizes 73 

" ** Number of each size in keg 73 

OIL WELL CASING.— Standard size^s and weight 135 

OVAL SLIDE VISES.— Size of screws, weight and length of jaws ... 57 

PICKS, R. R. AND MINING. -Standard weights of 65 

PIPE, BLOCK TIN.— Standard weights of 71 

" LEAD, AND TIN-LI NED. -Standard weights of 121 

" CAS, WELDED.— Weight and dimensions of 135 

PLANTS AND TREES. — Number to acre placed at stated distances 155 

PLATE IRON .—Weight to square foot 130 

PLATES, IRON, STEEL, COPPER, BRASS.-Weight to square foot.. 117 
TIN . — Wire gauge, weight, name, etc 105 

POISONS AND THEIR ANTIDOTES 24 

POWDER, ATLAS.— Marks, qualities, etc 151 

SPORTING AND M I N I N G .-Marks and qualities 151 

PUTTY.— Recipes to make Painters' and Glaziers' 152 

How to soften and remove 152 

QUANTITIES.— A table of 33 

RAILROAD SPIKES.— Number of each sizeinlOOlbs 52 

•' needed to mile of track 55 

RAILS, SPLICES AND BOLTS.— Required per mile of track 138 

RECIPES FOR MAKING SOLDERS 109 

" " " VARIOUS CEMENTS 163 

RIVETS AND BURS, COPPER.— Number of each in a pound 113 

" BOILER, '* BURDENS."— Number of each size in a keg 131 

" ROUND OR OVAL HEAD. -Number in a pound 83 

RODS, STEEL, " STUBS."— Nos. expressed in divisions of an inch 101 

ROOFING SLATE.— Size of and number to a square 147 

* * TIN .—Cost of, with 14x20 tin 106 

" *' mm*. 20x28" 107 

ROPE, MANILA.— Weight per 100 fathoms 56 

;'* " " " " of Tarred and Hawser laid. 65 

Breaking strength of each size 56 

Number of feet to a pound cf each size 55 

WIRE . — Diameter, circumference, weight, etc , 99 

RULES TO BE OBSERVED.— In ordering Metal or Wire 51 

" " " " In computing Slates for Roofing 149 

" * « « < tt In ordering circular Saws 63 

" " " " In laying Drain Pipe 152 

" '* " " In tempering Steel 141 

FOR COMPUTING WEIGHT of Metals 122 

" " OBTAINING " " Grindstones 45 

" TO CALCULATE ANY PERCENTAGE of Interest 25 

RUST CEMENT for Iron 153 

RUSSIA SHEET IRON.— Wire gauge, number and weight to sheet 140 

RUSTY BOLTS.— How to remove easily 152 

SAFETY FUSE. — Qualities and burning periods 151 

* ' Quantity packed in each barrel 151 

SASH. — Sizes and dimensions of 143 

SAWS, CIRCULAR AND MILL.— Standard gauges of each 63 

" * * " * * Directions for ordering 63 

15 



(* i » 

** «i 



CONTENTS-Continued. 

Page. 

SASH WEI CHTS.— Length and thickness of each size 143 

SCRE ENS, COAL.— Size of mesh required 101 

SCREWS, LAC OR WOOD.— Weight of 1 00 each size 137 

SCREW THREADS.— Standard, for Nuts, etc 71 

SCROLL IRON .—Number of feet in a bundle 125 

SEED .—Quantity usually sown to an acre 156 

" required for given number of plants , 156 

SHEET IRON.— Weight to square foot 130 

Nos. and weights in common use 140 

" " GALVANIZED.— Price at list and discounted 133 

" ZINC— Weight to sheet and square foot . 134 

COPPER.— Weight per square foot, and thickness by Eng. gauge Ill 

4 * " " ofeachsheet Ill 

" " AND BRASS.— Heavy, weight in pounds 115 

" LEAD 134 

SHOT, DROP AND BUCK.— Standard sizes and number in an ounce 121 

SHRINKAGE OF CASTINGS.— Rules for pattern-makers 83 

SKATES.— Sizes in inches compared with Shoe sizes 69 

SLATE ROOFING.— Standard rule for measuring 149 

Table showing No. of slate in any No. of squares 149 

* * Weight to square and cubic foot 147 

SOLID BOX VISES.— Length of jaws of each size 57 

* ' " Sizes of boxes and screws 57 

SOLDERS, HARD AND SO FT. -Kecipes for making 109 

SOME THINGS THAT ARE MISNAMED 47 

SPIKES, CUT.— Number of each size in a keg 52 

" RAILROAD, BOAT AND SHIP.— Number of each size in a keg. 52 

" Number needed to mile of track 55 

' ' Sizes used to various weights of rail 55 

SPECIFIC GRAVITY and Weight[of Metals and Alloys 41 

SQUARE MEASURE. -Table of 35 

STATUTES OF LIMITATION for Debt in u. S 29 

STEEL, BAR. — Bound, Square and Octagon, weight to foot 140 

" " FLAT.— Weight to foot 139 

* * p L AT E S.— Weight to square foot 117 

** WIRE.— Weight to 100 feet 95 

" RODS. — Nos. expressed in parts of an inch 101 

STEEL CROWBARS .—Weight and dimensions of 124 

STRAP AND T HINGES.— Weight of heavy sizes to dozen 77 

* ' * * " " Sizes of screws required 77 

SURVEYING (LINEAL) MEASURE. -Table of 33 

TACKLE BLOCKS.— Size of sheaves and rope required for each 57 

TACKS, CUT. — No. of each size in pound 49 

TANKS AND RESERVOIRS. -Capacity of 159 

TAPER AND PLUG TAPS.— No. of threads to inch 73 

TENSILE STRENCTHfand Resistance of Metals 94 

THREADS, STAN DARD.-List of, for Bolts and Nuts 71 

TIN-LINED PIPES.— Standard size of 121 

TIN PLATES.— Standard kinds and sizes 105 

" '* Weight, wire gauge, and No. of sheets in a box 105 

" ROOFING.— Cost per square, at various rates per box 106-107 

TIRE IRON.— Weight per set of each size 61 

16 



COMTENTS-Continued. 

Page. 

TIRE STEE L .—height per set of each size 61 

TEMPERING STEEL.— Rules to be observed 141 

TREES AND PLANTS.— No. to acre at stated distances 155 

TROY WEIGHT. -Table of 33 

TUBES, BOILE R .— Weight and dimensions of .... 135 

*" ARTESIAN WELL.— Weight and dimensions of 135 

TUBING, BRASS, COPPER AND ZINC. -Weight to foot 118 

. ** COPPER.— Pipe sizes, weight to foot 119 

USEFUL MATHEMATICAL RULES 122 

USE OF WIRE in Telegraph Service 86 

VALU E OF I RO N to the Ton at a given price per pound.. 123 

BY THE P | E C E of Articles at a given price per dozen 31 

VISES, OVAL SLIDE.— Weight, size of screws and length of jaws 57 

SOLID BOX. — Sizes of boxes and screws 57 

" " Weight and length of jaws 57 

WASHERS.— Standard sizes and No. of each in a keg 75 

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.— Complete Tables of 33-35 

" " " The Metric System of 37 

li ** The Metric System in English 39 

WEIGHTS, SASH.— Length and thickness of each size 143 

WEIGHT TO. A CUBIC FOOT of various Metals and Alloys 41 

WEIGHTS TO BUSHEL, Customary and Legal ..< 155 

WINDOW GLASS.— No. of panes in a box of each size 145 

WILSON'S BUTCHER KNIVES.— Length of each No 69 

WIN D .—Velocity and force of 156 

WIRE, BARBED FENCE.— Weight and measurement of 97 

WIRE BRADS.— Standard Length and Gauge 49 

WIRE FENCE .—Number of wires and distances between posts 97 

B R ASS.— Weight to 100 feet, in pounds 95 

COPPER. " " " ." " " 95 

IRON. " " " " " " 95 

STEEL. " " " " " " 95 

WIRE BALE TIES.— Uses, sizes, length and gauges 103 

" CLOTH.— Sizes and mesh of Screen and Mill 101 

" GAUGES.— Different Standards in the United States 81 

HOISTING ROPE. — Diameter, circumference, weight, etc 99 

WIRE NAILS.— Approximate number of Eegular in a pound 93 

" " " "Standard" " 91 

Extra prices for various size9 87 

Length of each Standard size and kind 89 

AND SPIKES. — Size, length and number of each in pound 89 

" IRON .—Size, weight, length and strength 85 

Sizes by wire gauge, expressed in decimals of an inch 101 

" TELEGRAPH AND TELE PHON E. -Weight, resistance, strength.. 86 

" ROPE. — Trade Nos., diameter, circumference, weight, etc 99 

WIRES OF VARIOUS METALS.— Tensile strength and resistance 94 

WORKSHOP RECIPES of convenience and utility 152 

*' ** Various kinds of Cement 153 

WROUGHT BOAT AND SHIP SPIKES. -Number in 150pounds 52 

WRENCHES, "COE'S."— Size of Nut taken by each length 65 

ZINC, SHEET.— Wire gauge, number and weight to sheet 134 

" TUBING.— Weight per foot 118 

17 



For Tinners and Sheet Metal Workers. 

A comprehensive collection of practical information including rules, tables, re- ' 
ceipts, explanations, etc., presented in a compact form and easily carried in the 
pocket. A Cyclopedia of Information covering everything in daily use by the Tinner. 
First comes a table for cutting out tinware made on the plan of a frustum of a 
cone ; table of size and weight of flat-top cans ; dimensions of measures ; cost of tin 
roofing per square; number of slate in any number of squares; soldering and 
soldering fluxes; net cost of galvanized sheet iron; sheet iron of various kinds, 
sheet brass, copper, zinc ; weight of lead pipe, copper, brass and zinc tubing ; 
circumferences and areas of circles ; receipts, and a great deal of other information. 
Proprietors, procure it for your workmen. Workmen, send for it. Satisfaction 
guaranteed. Manila covers, 35 cts.; cloth, 50 cts. , to any address, prepaid. Address 

C. E. BOD LEY, Crest on, Union Co., Iowa. 




EMPIRE 



\\ 




i 



Save Much More Labor and are 
More Durable than Others. 



Also "Volunteer" Wringers, "Daisy" Iron-frame 

Wringers, Bench Wringers, Folding Cot Beds, 

Folding Wash Benches, Folding Clothes Dryers, 

•Hammock Standards, Swings, etc, 

^"CATALOGUE FREE. 
ljdIx-© "Wringer CJo- 3 _A.xx"fc>Txr*:in., KT. "ST. 




The Only machine that received an award oa both Horse-power and Thresher and Cleaner, at the Centennial Exhibition; was 
awarded the two last Cold Medals given by the New York State Agricultural Society on Horse-powers and Threshers ; andls 
the only Thresher selected from the vast number built in the United States, for illustration and description in "Appleton's Cyclopedia 
of Applied Mechanics," recently published, thus adopting it as the Standard machine of this country. Buy the best* I* ** 
Cheapest >n the end. Catalogue sent free. Address, 21IN AKD il AKDER, Cobleskill, Schoharie Co. , N. Y. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



BUSINESS LAW IN DAILY USE. 

The following compilation of business law contains the essence 
of a large amount of legal verbage : 

If a note is lost or stolen, it does not release the maker ; he 
must pay it, if the consideration for which it was given and the 
amount can be proven. 

Notes bear interest only when so stated. 

Principals are responsible for the acts of their agents. 

Each individual in a partnership is responsible for the whole 
amount cf the debts of the firm, except in cases of special part- 
nership. 

Ignorance of tha law excuses no one. 

The law compels no one to do impossibilities. 

An agreement without consideration is void. 

A note made on Sunday is void. 

Contracts made on Sunday cannot be enforced. 

A note by a minor is void. 

A contract made with a minor is void. 

A contract made with a lunatic is void. 

A note obtained by fraud, or from a person in a state of intox- 
ication, cannot be collected. 

It is a fraud to conceal a fraud. 

Signatures made with a lead pencil are good in law. 

A receipt for money is not always conclusive. 

The acts of one partner bind all the rest. 

"Value received " i^ usually written in a note, and should be ; 
but is not necessary. If not written it is presumed by the law, 
or may be supplied by proof. 

The maker of an " accommodation " bill or note (one for 
which he has received no consideration, having lent his name or 
credit for the accommodation of the holder) is not bound to the 
pers n accommodated, but is bound to all other parties, precisely 
as if there was a good consideration. 

No consideration is sufficient in law if it be illegal in its na- 
ture. 

Checks or draf *s must be presented for payment without un- 
reasonable delay. 

Checks or drafts should be presented during business hours, 
but in this country, except in the case of banks, the time extends 
through the day and evening. 

If the drawee of a check or draft has changed his residence, 
the holder must use due or reasonable diligence to find him. 

If one who holds a check as payee or otherwise, transfers it to 
another, he has a right to insist that the check be presented that 
day, or, at farthest, on the following day. 

A note indorsed in blank (the name of the indorser only writ- 
ten) is transferable by delivery, the same as if made payable to 
bearer. 

If the time of payment of a note is not inserted, it is held pay- 
able on demand. 



19 



The Compiler of this Manual of useful information can be 
commimicated with at the followi?ig address : ' ■ 



Hehry Hopkihs 



P. O. Box 1219, 

NEW YORK. 



REPRESENTING 



Sole Agents for Middle and Southern States for 



NASHUA LOCK CO., 

Builders' Hardware, 
NASHUA, 

N. H. 

LOCKWOOD MFC. CO., 

Locks, Knobs, Etc., 
SOUTH NORWALK, 

CONN. 

DIBBLE MFC. CO., 

"Hemacite" Knobs, 
TRENTON, 

N. J. 

N. E. BUTT CO., 
PROVIDENCE, 

R. I. 

W. HICHTON & SON, 

Begisters and Ventilators, 
BOSTON, 

MASS. 

H. B. IVES & CO., 

Door Bolts and Sash Locks, 
NEW HAVEN, 

CONN. 

C. J. KIMBALL & SON, 

Shoe, Bread and Factory Knives, 
BENNINGTON, 

N. H. 



Wootirough & Clemson, 

Saws of All Kinds, 
MONTVALE, 

MASS. 

A. C. PECK & CO., 

Axes and Edge Tools, 
COHOES, 

N.Y. 

Henry Cheney HammerCo. 
Solid G. S. Hammers, 
LITTLE FALLS, 

N.Y. 

ARCADE FILE WORKS, 

Files and Basps, 

SINC SING, 

N.Y. 

ELWELL Sl DOTY, 
Knobs, 
CLEVELAND, 

OHIO. 

Coryell Flint Paper Co., 
WILLIAMSPORT, 

PA. 

SOUTHWARK SCALE CO. 

Tea, Counter and Union Scales, 
PHILADELPHIA, 

PA. 



NOS. 97 AND 99 READE STREETS, 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



BUSINESS LAW IN DAILY USE. --Continued. 

The time of payment of a note must not depend upon a con- 
tingency. The promise must be absolute. 

A bill may be written upon any paper, or substitute for it, 
either with ink or pencil. 

The payee should be distinctly named in the note, unless it is 
payable to bearer. 

An indorsee has a right of action against all whose names were 
on the bill when he received it. 

If the letter containing a protest of non-payment be put into 
the post office, any miscarriage does not affect the party giving 
notice. * 

Notice of protest may be sent either to the place of business or 
of residence of the party notified. 

The holder of a note may give notice of protest either to all 
the previous indorsers or only to one of them ; in case of the 
latter he must select the last indorser, and the last must give no- 
tice to the last before him, and so on. Each indorser must send 
notice the same day or the day following. Neither Sunday or 
legal holiday is to be counted in reckoning the time in which 
notice is to be given. 

The loss of a bill or note is not sufficient excuse for not giving 
notice of protest. 

If two or more persons as partners are jointly liable on a note 
or bill, due notice to one of them is sufficient. 

If a note or bill is transfered as security, or even as payment 
of a pre-existing debt, the debt revives if the bill or note be dis- 
honored. 

An indorsement may be written on the face or back. 

An indorser may prevent his own liability to be sued by wri- 
ting " without recourse," or similar words. 

All claims which do not rest upon a seal or judgment must be 
sued within six years from the time when they arise. 

Part payment of a debt which has passed the time of statutory 
limitation revives the whole debt, and the claim holds good for 
another period of six years from the date of such partial pay- 
ment. 

A verbal promise to pay, made without condition, is generally 
held as sufficient to revive a claim otherwise shut out by the law 
of limitation. 

If, when a debt is due, the debtor is out of the State, the ' ' six 
years " do not begin to run until he returns. If he afterward 
leave the State, the time forward counts the same as if he re- 
mained in the State. 

An oral agreement must be proved by evidence. A written 
agreement proves itself. The law prefers written to oral evi- 
dence because of its precision. 
1 No evidence may be introduced to contradict or vary a written 
contract ; but it may be received in order to explain it, when 
such contract is in need of explanation. 



21 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Bills of Exchange, Drafts, Acceptances. 

A Bill of Exchange or Draft is an order drawn by one person or firm upon 
another, payable either at eight or at a stated future time. 

It becomes an "Acceptance" when the party upon whom it is drawn 
writes across the face "Accepted," and signs his name thereto, and is ne- 
gotiable and bank >ble the same as a note, and subject to the same laws. 

In many States both Sight and Time drafts are entitled to three days grace, 
the same as notes ; but if made in form of a bank check, ' pay to," without 
the words " at sight," it is payable on presentation without grace. 

Demand Notes are payable < n presentation without grace, and bear legal 
interest, after a demand has been made, if not so written . An endorser on 
a demand note is holden only for a limited time, variable in different States. 

A Negotiable Note must be made payable either to bearer, or be properly 
endorsed by the person to whose order it is made. If the endorser wishes 
to avoid responsibility, he can endorse " without recourse." 

A Joint Note is one signed by two or more persons, who each become 
liable for the whole amount. 

Three Days' Grace are allowed on all time notes, after the time for pay- 
ment expires; if not then paid, the endorser, if any, should be legally 
notified, to be holden. 

Foreign Exchange, Value of U. S. Coins, etc. 

Thevalue of One Pound Sterling or an English Sovereign, compared with 
old U. S. coins, is $4,444, but Congress has, from time to time, reduced the 
weight and purity of U. S. coins, making their value as metals less than their 
value as coins, and has established the present legal value of a Pound Ster- 
ling at $4.84. Exchange is based on the old or nominal value of a Pound, 
so that when exchange is said to be at 9 per cent, premium, it is then at par 
value ; when below 9 per cent., it is below par ; and when above 9 oer cent., 
above par, etc. 

Copartnerships. 

Partnerships may be either general or special. In general partnerships, 
money invested ceases to be individual property. Each member U made 
personally liable for the whole amount of debts incurred by the company. 
The company is liable for all contracts or obligations made by individual 
members. 

Special Partners are not liable beyond the amount contributed. 

A person may become a partnei by allowing people generally to presume 
that he is one, as, by having his name on the sign, or parcels, or in the bills 
u.'ed in the business. 

A share or specific interest in the profits or loss of a business, as remuner- 
ation for labor, may involve one in the liability of a partner. 

In case of Bankruptcy, the joint estate is first applied to the payment of 
partnership dtbts, the surplus only going to the creditors of the individual 
estate. 

A Dissolution of partnership may take place under express stipulations in 
the articles of agreement, by mutual consent, by the death or insanity of 
one of the firm, by award of arbitrators, or by court of equity in cases of 
misconduct of some member of the firm 

A partner signing his individual name to negotiable paper, which is for 
the use of the partnership firm, binds all the partners thereby. Nogotia- 
ble paper of the firm, even though given on private account by one of the 
partners, will hold all the partners of the firm when it passes into the hands 
of holders who are ignorant of the fact attending its creation. 

Partnership effects may be bought and sold by a partner ; he may make 
contracts ; may receive money ; endorse, draw, and accept bills and notes ; 
and while this may be for his own private account, if it apparently be for 
the use of the firm, his partners will be bound by his action, provided the 
parties dealing with him were ignorant of the transaction being en his 
private account ; and thus representation or misrepresentation of a part- 
ner, having relation to business of the firm, will bind the members in the 
partnership. 

In case of Death, the surviving partners must account to the representa- 
tives of the deceased. . 



22 



PERFECTION, 



BUSHNELL'S PRICE BOOK, 

For the Convenience of Business Men in all Lines of Trade. 
BUT ESPECIALLY THE HARDWARE TRADE. 



This book was not offered to the public until October, 1883, but thousands 
who are now using it can testify to its usefulness. 

" T >77 - X3:^.T IT IS : 

BUSHNELL'S PRICE BOOK is a neat, substantially 
bound book of 200 pages, made of first-class stock, con- 
veniently and tastefully indexed, handsomely ruled and 
l headed. It is manufactured for the publisher by one of 
the best blank-book manufacturers in New York, and no 
expense has been spared to make it the finest book in the 
market, the neatness and convenience of which will com- 
mend it at once. 

Theee is no other price book in the market, sold at 
anything like an equal figure, that compares with it. 
It was developed by years of experience in business, and 
the need of a practical price book was the means of bring- 
ing this before the public. 

To the business man who never kept a price book, a few weeks' trial of it 
will demonstrate its advantages, and he will never dispense with it. 

No BUSINESS, GREAT OR SMALL, CAN AFFORD TO DO WITHOUT IT. 

With one of them at his service, a minute's work with the pencil, on the 
arrival of new goods, records the cost of them in a convenient shape for almost 
instantaneous reference at any future time — no matter how far distant. 

The advantages of this when purchasing or selling goods are self-evident. 
At the same time your selling price is recorded for convenient reference; and 
you thus have the cost and price of your entire stock in a book which may be 
carried in the pocket or kept on the desk. 

In time saved from searching for old invoices, in money saved in buying 
and in the preservation of prices of goods from which the marks have been torn 
or obliterated, the book will pay for itself many times the first month it is used. 

Jobbing houses will find it admirably adapted to the pocket of the Traveling 
Man, for Salesmen at home, or for Office Use. 




REDUCED PRICES FOR 1888: 
(Including as a premium, a copy of " Handy Notes and Queries.") 
IB-S - 2v£-^IXj PREPAID : 

No. 1, Cloth per copy, $1 20 

No. 2, Seal Morocco per copy, 1 60 

No. 3, Eed Bussia per copy, 2 00 

Please remit by Draft, Money Order, or Postal Note. If preferred responsible 
parties may order and remit on receipt of the books. 

SENT POSTPAID, ON RECEIPT OF PRICE, BY 

HENRY HOPKINS & CO., 

99 Reade Street, - - - New York. 



1 HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Poisons and their Antidotes. 

Arsenic.— Use the stomach pump instantly; otherwise, give 20 grains sul- 
phate of zinc in a little warm water to produce vomiting, or a large table 
spoonful of mustard in warm water. Meanwhiie^procnre some hydrated 
sesquioxide of iron and give a tablespoonful of it wun water every five or 
ten minutes until six doses are taken. Dialyzed iron is also efficient. 

Aqua Ammonia, or Habtshobn, if taken undiluted is a violent poison. 
Give Vinegar, instantly, mixed with a little water, this acts by neutraliza- 
tion. Vegetable oils, in large quantity, furnish the next best antidote, the 
ammonia acting upon them to form Soap. 

Aconite. — Give an emetic of mustard or sulphate of zinc, or use the 
stomach pump, instantly, then give stimulants, whiskey, brandy, gin or 
rum, &c. 

Acid — Nitric, Muriatic, or Sulphuric. — If either of these be swallow- 
ed, not a moment is to be lost. The best remedy is to fill the patient pull 
of Calcined Magnesia stirred up in water, to the consistency of very thin 
paste; or, give half an ounce of soap shavings in a pint of water. If neither 
are at hand give chalk or whiting, in water, or even pound fine some of the 
white plastering from the wall and give in water. 

Belladonna, Htosctamus, Stamonium, and Conium are all narcotics, 
and the treatment is the same as for opium; especially the strong coffee. 

Cantharides (Spanish Flies). — Give large doses of sweet oil, sugar and 
water, or milk. To relieve the strangury and scalding of urine whice it oc- 
casions, give camphor, 10 to 15 drop doses in water. 

Corrosive Sublimate, (Bed bug poison). — Mix up quickly the whites of 
a dozen eggs, with a quart of cold water, give a cupful of the mixture every 
two minutes till the stomach can hold no more. If you have not eggs 
enough use what you have and make up the deficiency with milk. Wheat 
flour, mixed with water, is good. Use the stomach pump if it can be had 
quickly. 

Charcoal Gas, Sulphuretted Hydrogen, or Carbonic Acid Gas.— 
Use cold shower bath and give Aconite in drop doses, in a spoonful of 
water. The effects of Coal gas are best antidoted by copious draughts of 
vinegar and water. 

Oxalic Acid. — Give Magnesia in water as quickly as possible. When 
not to be had, use chalk, lime orsaleratus. Use the stomach pump if at 
hand. Soap suds or alkalies are of no use with this Acid. 

Opium, Mobphine and Laudanum. — Use the stomach pump, if possible; 
if not, a powerful emetic, as sulphate of zinc; or, give the mustard emetic 
and tickle the palate. If drowsiness comes on, take the patient into the 
open air; dash water into the face, by all means keep him walking. If once 
allowed to fall asleep it may be impossible to arouse him. Strong coffee, 
taken hot, antidotes after the stomach has been emptied. 

Peussic Acid. — This is the deadliest of all known poisons. One drop of 
the pure acid will cause instantaneous death. If any of its products be 
taken and the result is not immediately fatal, resort to the cold shower 
bath, inhalation of diluted aqua ammonia vapor and give solution of car- 
bonate of potass, 20 grains to a glass of water, or ammonia diluted with six 
times the bulk of water, freely. 

Sugar op Lead, (Acetate of Lead). — Give a ground mustird emetic; or, 
20 grains sulphate of zinc in a glass of water; afterwards, large dose of 
epsom salts. 

Strychnine or Nux Vomica, are rapid and deadly poisons, generally 
proving fatal, in spite of treatment. If emetics are given and the stomach 
emptied quickly enough, and if the patient is not attackediWith convulsions 
within two hours,he will generally be safe. An abundance of sweet milk is 
recommended, also strong coffee, as for opium poisoning. 

Strong Lye. — Sometimes swallowed by children. The remedy is vine- 
gar, or oil, the former by converting the lye into acetate of potash, the lat- 
ter by forming soap; neither of which materially injures the stomach. 

Verdigris. — This most frequently poisons by its formation upon copper 
vessels used in cooking. Give an emetic instantly, and then two tea- 
spoonfuls of Carbonate ofSeda, in a tumbler full of water and repeat in ten 
minutes. Whites of eggs in water are also proper. 



24 



hopkins; handy notes and queries. 



Rate of Annual Income of Inyestments, 



PAR VALUE BEING $100, BEARING INTEBEST AT 


Price paid. 


H 


G% 


I/O 


8% 


10% 


$50 


iO.OO 


12.00 


14.00 


16.00 


20.00 


55 


9.09 


10.90 


12.72 


14.55 


18.18 


60 


8.33 


10.00 


11.66 


13.33 


16.66 


05 


7.69 


9.23 


10.76 


12.30 


15.38 


70 


7.14 


8.57 


10.00 


11.42 


14.28 


75 


G.G6 


8.00 


9.33 


10.66 


13.35 


80 


6.25 


7 50 


8.75 


10.00 


12.50 


m 


6.06 


7.27 


8.48 


9.69 


11.12 


85 


5.88 


7.05 


8.23 


9.41 


11.76 


87£ 


5.71 


6.85 


8.00 


9.14 


11.42 


90 


5.55 


6.66 


7.77 


8.88 


11.11 


92£ 


5.40 


6.48 


7.56 


8.64 


10.80 


95 


5.26 


6.31 


7.36 


8.42 


10 52 


96 ' 


5.20 


6.25 


7.29 


8.33 


10.41 


97 


5.15 


6.18 


7.21 


8.24 


10.30 


97^ 


5.12 


6.15 


7.17 


8.20 


10.25 


98 


5.10 


6.12 


7.14 


8.16 


10.20 


99 


5.05 


6.06 


7.07 


8.08 


10.10 


100 


5.00 


6.00 


7.00 


8.00 


10.00 


101 


4.95 


5.94 


6.93 


7.92 


9.90 


102 


4.90 


5.88 


6.86 


7.84 


9.80 


103 


4.85 


5.82 


6.79 


7.76 


9.70 


104 


4.80 


5.76 


6.73 


7.69 


9.61 


105 


4.76 


5.71 


(j.GG 


7.6L 


9.52 


110 


4.54 


5.45 


6.36 


7.27 


9.09 


115 


4.34 


5.21 


6.08 


6.95 


8.69 


120 


4.16 


5.00 


5.83 


6.66 


8.33 


125 


4.00 


4.80 


5.60 


6.40 


8.00 


130 


3.84 


4.61 


5.38 


6.15 


7.69 


135 


3.70 


4.44 


5.18 


5 92 


7.40 


140 


3.57 


4.28 


5.00 


5.71 


7.14 


145 


3.44 


4.13 


4.82 


5.51 


6.89 


150 


3.33 


4.00 


4.66 


5.33 


6.66 



Interest Bales. 

Four Per Cent.— Multiply the principal by the number of days to run ; 
separate the rignt hand figure from product, and divide by 9. 

Five Per Cent.— Multiply by number of days, and divide by T2. 

Six Per Cent. — Multiply by number of days ; separate right hand figure, 
and divide by 6. 

Seven ani> T«ree-Tenths Per Cent. — Multiply by number of days, 
nnd double the amount so obtained. On $100 the interest is just two cents 
per day. 

Eight Per Cent. — Multiply by number of days, and divide by 4-5. 

Nine Per Cent. — Multiply by number of days ; separate right 1 >id fig- 
ure, and divide by 4. 

Ten Per Cent. — Multiply by number of days, and divide by 36. 

Twelve Per Cent. — Multiply by number of days ; separate right hand 
figure, and divide by 3. 



25 





AND 





Sole ManuDrs. for Patentees ; 
Every "STAR BRAND 



}) 



Oa.xefu.ll37" IE322:a»miriecL and Tested,. 

The superior steel and improved methods of tempering and grinding make the ' ' Star 
Brand" Clippers Hold their Edge Longer than any others in the market. 

LARGEST YARIE TY. FINEST (jUALITl. LATEST IMPROVEMENTS. 

Jesse Lee & Sons, Sole Agents, 

37 SOUTH FOURTH ST., 



^Ve.€>5CC»M)VlERCE ST 



» 



MAM or 

wood 

WITHOUT 
A/A/lSo>?SCJ?Ws. 

Send tor. CATALOG if E . 

7APER fcOXESfe 



SEND FOR CIRCULAR SHOWING WHAT PEOPLE THINK OF THEM, WHO ARE 
AND HAVE BEEN USING THEM FOR YEARS. 



^HAKWAHl. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Simple Method of Calculating Interest* 

We take 6 per cent, as basis for calculating all rates. 

Multiply the amount by number of days and divide by 6000 ; or, which 
is the same thing, multiply by number of days, remove the decimal point 
three figures to the left and divide by 6. This gives the interest at 6 per cent. 



For 
For 
For 
For 
For 
For 
For 
For 


2 
3 

4 
5 

7 

8 

9 

10 

exam 


per cent, 
per cent, 
per cent, 
per cent, 
per cent, 
per cent, 
per cent, 
per ceut. 

pie shows 


take 

take 

deduct 

deduct 

add 

add 

add 

add 


LCit 


one-third. 

one-half. 

one-third. 

one-6ixth. 

one-sixth. 

one-third. 

one-half. 

two-thirds. 


The following 


the simpl 


y: 


050.40 
212 


Interest on $950.40 for 215 

Interest @ G per cen 
ii tt o " n 
it (i 3 w m 

tt it 4 li li 

ii (i 5 u •< 
(i t( 7 it ii 
n tt g (t ti 


! days. 

t, 

I of 33.58 
f of 3i.58 

33.58 
J off 11.19 


190080 
95040 
190080 


| 201.484.80 
33.58 


33.58 
I off 5.59 




33.58 
add | 5.59 




33.58 
add J 11.19 








tc 


it 9 .» 


<t 


33.58 
p.dd£ 16.79 








tt 


ti j tt 


u 


33.58 
add §22.38 



33.58 
11.19 
16.79 



22.39 
27.99 
39.17 
44.77 
50.37 
65.96 



Auv rate can be calculated upon the same principle. 

Contributed by Jesse Lee and Son, Philadelphia, Pa. 



Time at which Money Doubles at Interest. 



Rate per cent. Simple Interest. 

2 5u years. 

2£ 40 years. 

3 83 years 4 monthB. 

3J 28 years 208 days. 

4 25 years. 

4£ 22 years 81 days. 

5 20 years. 

6 •. 16 years 8 months. 

7 14 years 104 days. 

8 12^ years. 

9 ; 11 years 40 days. 

10 10 years. 



Compound Interest. 
35 years I day. 
28 years 26 days. 
23 years 164 days. 
20 years 54 days. 
17 years 246 days. 
15 years 273 days. 
15 years 75 days. 
14 years 327 days. 
10 years 89 days. 

9 years 2 days. 

8 years 16 days. 

7 years 100 days. 



ONE DOLLAR LOANED 100- YEARS at Compound Interest would 
amount to the following sum: 



1 percent $2.75 

3 " " 19.25 

6 " " 340.00 

10" " 13,809 00 



12 per cent $84,675.00 

15 ■« " 1,174,405.00 

18 " »« 15,145,207.00 

24 •* " ....2,551,799,404.00 



27 



A CQLO88AL WORK COMPLETED. 



A Book for all Persons who Make, Buy, Sell, Use, or want 
to know anything about Tools or Machines, or are Curious 
as to the History and Development of Mechanic Art. 



^:^Tia-3a:T 9 s 




A descriptive word-book of tools, instruments, machines, chemical and me- 
chanical processes; civil, mechanical, railway, hydraulic and military engi- 
neering ; a history of inventions ; general technological vocabulary, and digest 
of mechanical appliances in science and the industrial and fine arts, by 

EDWARD H. KNIGHT, A.M., LL.D., 

Civil and Mechanical Engineer. 

After many years of active preparation, the work has now been completed, 
and may be had, by subscription only, in forty-four parts of sixty-four pages 
each, or in three bound volumes. 

PRICE PER PART, SO CENTS- 

Or Bound in Cloth, $24; Sheep, $27; Half Morocco, $30, per Set. 

Knight's New Mechanical Dictionary. 

A Description of Tools, Instruments, Machines, Processes and Engineering, 
WITH INDEXICAL UEIEKENUE8 to TECHNIC AT. JOURNALS. (1876-18804 

EDWARD H. KNIGHT, A.M., LL.D. 

FROM THE RIVERSIDE PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. 

The march of mechanical improvement in seven years that have elapsed since the com- 
pletion of Knight's American Mechanical Dictionary renders it necessary to issue another 
volume, to keep the work abreast of the times. The two great exhibitions at Philadelphia 
and Paris — with each of which the author was officially connected as delegate or commis- 
sioner and as a member of the respective juries — have brought forward a world of new mat- 
ter ; and the records of our own Patent Office, as well as the testimony of our technical 
journals, bear witness to the fact that at no period has invention been more fertile, more 
brilliant, or more important. To be complete in 4 sections, of 240 pages each, at $2 per section. 



By 



SPECIAL OPPBR 

Knight's American Mechanfcal Dictionary, complete in 3 volumes, ;aken in connection 
with Knight's New Mechanical Dictionary, complete in one volume, forms a complete set of 
4 volumes, bringing the record down nearly to date. 

The price of either work, Taken Sepabatei/y, will remain as above, but to subscribers 
sending us their order for both wobes conjointly we will furnish same at following prices : 

Complete Set of Four Volumes, bound in Cloth $27.50 

Complete Set of Four Volumes, bound in Sheep 31 .50 

Complete Set of Four Volumes, bound in Half Morocco. . 36.50 



This is the most valuable work ever issued in the interest of Hardware, Tools and 
Machinery, and no one, with pride in his vocation, can afford to be without it. Subscrip- 
tions solicited, to be taken either by part or volume, and for all information regarding the 
same, address 

HENRY HOPKINS & CO., 99 Reade St., New York. 



[ HOPKINS' 


HANDY NOTES AND QUE.RIES. 








S •** s3 




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29 



NORTHFIELD KNIFE CO., 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



iT OTTTXi&Zl'r 



WITH HAND-FORGED BLADES ONLY, 



Amu 



] 9 



NORTHFIELD, CONN. 



PREMIUMS AWARDED FOR EXCELLENCE, 

Centennial Exhibition, Exposition Universelle, International Exhibition, 

Phila., 1876. Paris, 1878. Melbourne, 1881. 




To the Hardware Merchant. 



DEAR SIR: 

CAN WE SEND YOU A SAMPLE OF OUR SPECIALTY 
SINGLE HARNESS FOR YOUR INSPECTION? WE WANT TO 
ASTONISH YOU. THIS HARNESS IS THE PRODUCTION OF 
YEARS OF FIGURING TO MAKE THE BEST HARNESS EVER 
KNOWN FOR THE MONEY. IT IS MADE FROM OAK STOCK . 
HAND-STITCHED, HANDSOME FULL NICKEL OR IMITATION 
RUBBER, GOLD-FINISHED MOUNTINGS; SINGLE STRAP, OR 
FOLDED AND STITCHED STYLE. JUST THE HARNESS FOR 
AN ELEGANT TURN-OUT. WE WANT YOU TO SEE A SAMPLE 
SET WHICH YOU CAN KEEP AT $20, $5 LESS THAN PRICE, 
OR RETURN AT OUR EXPENSE. IN DOUBLE STYLE, WITH 
COLLARS AND HAMES, OR STOLE'S PAT. BREAST COL- 
LARS, $35, $10 LESS THAN PRICE. PLEASE ANSWER IF WE 
CAN SEND A SAMPLE, YES OR NO . AND OBLIGE, 

NATIONAL HARNESS CO., Wholesale Manufacturers, 
14-24 Wells St., Buffalo, N. Y. 

j Collar and Hames instead of Breast Collar, 
\ $2 extra, on Single Harness. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



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o 

p 



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31 



NORWICH LOCK MAN'G CO., 

NORWICH, CONN., U. S. A., 
MANUFACTURERS OF 

DOOR LOCKS AND KNOBS 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. 



A full and extensive line in all the popular styles of elab- 
orate design and perfect finish. 

BRASS AND BRONZED PADLOCKS, 

In New and Salable Patterns. 

CAST and WROUGHT IRON PADLOCKS, 

With Malleable or Flat Steel Keys. 

And a Large and Constantly Increasing line of 

BUILDERS' HARDWARE, 

Including all the Latest Styles, and consisting of 

Bronzed and Solid Bronze Door Butts and Handles, Sash Butts, Shutter 

Bars, Sash Lifts, Drawer Pulls, Door Bolts, Cupboard Turns 

and Screen Door Catches. 



JMELTT ep 




Fully Illustrated Catalogue of Thirty Different Styles and Sizes Sent 

Free on Application. 

BAILEY WRINGING MACHINE CO., 

WOONSOCKET, R. I. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



drachms. ozs. 


lbs. qrs. cwt. ton. 


1 =* .0625 = 


.0039 = 000139 = .000035 = .000001 


16= 1 = 


.0625 = .00223 = .000558 = .000028 


256 = 16 = 


1 = .0357 = .00893 = .000447 


7168 = 448 = 


28 = 1 = .25 = .0125 


28672 = 1792 = 


112 = 4 =1 = .05 


673440 = 35840 = 


2240 =80 =20 =1 



grams. 
1 

24 

480 

5760 



grammes. 
= .9648 
= 1.555 
= 31.1035 
= 373.242 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

Avoirdupois "Weight. 

The Grain is the same in Troy, Apothecaries and Avoidnpois Weights. 
The standard avoirdupois pound is the weight of 27.7015 cubic inches of distilled 
water weighed in the air at 35.85 degrees Fahr., barometer at 30 inches. 
27.343 grains = 1 drachm. 

French 
grammes. 
= 1.771846 
= 28.34954 
= 453.59 
= 12700 
= 50802 
= 1016040 
A stone = 14 pounds. A quintal = 100 pounds 

Troy Weight. 

For Gold, Silver and Precious Metals. 

French 
dwts. ozs. lbs. 

= .04167 = .00208 = .0001736 
='1 = .05 = .004167 

= 20 =1 = .0833 

= 240 =12 =1 

175 lbs. Troy = 144 Avoirdupois. 

lbs. Avoirdupois X .82286 = lbs. Troy. 

lbs. Troy X 1.2153 = lbs. Avoirdupois. 

The jeweler's Carat is equal, in the United States, to 3.2 grains ; in London, to 
3.17 grains; in Paris, to 3.18. 

Pure Gold is worth $20.67 per oz. Troy, or $« J4 per oz. Avoirdupois. 

" Silver " $1.36 " " $1.24 " " . .. 

Standard Gold " $18.60 " " $16.98 " " 

" Silver " $1,225 " " $1,117 " 

Apothecaries' "Weight. 

United States and British. 

20 grains 1 scruple. 

3 scruples 1 drachm = 60 grains. 

8 drams 1 ounce =24scruples = 480 grains. 

12 ounces 1 pound = 96 drachms = 28 5 scruples = 5760 grs. 

In Troy and Apothecaries' weights, the grain, ounce and pound are tt>e same. 

Long Measure. 

yards. fath. poles 

.02778 = .0139 = .005 

.333 = .1667 = .0606 

1 «= 5 = .182 

2 = 1 = .364 
163* = 5>$= 2% = 1 

= 660 = 220 = 110 = 40 
= 5280 = 1760 = 880 



feet. 
.083 
1 
3 

6 



ins. 
1 

12 

36 

72 

198 

7920 

63360 

A cable's length = 123 fathoms. 

A square mile is 640 acres. 

A league is three miles. 

The term "Sabbath Day's Journey" 

means 1,155 yards. 
A day's joui ?y is 33% miles. 
A fathom is six feet. 



furl. mile. 

= .000126 = .0000158 



.00151 
= .00454 
= .0091 
= .025 
= 1 



320 



.0001894 
.000568 
.001136 
.003125 
.125 
1 



French 

metres. 

.0254 

.3048 

.9144 

1.8287 

5.0291 

201.16 

1609.315 



A hand (horse measure) is four inches. 

A palm is three inches. 

A span is 10% inches. 

A cubit is two feet. 

A great cubit is 11 feet. 

A pace is three feet. 

Surveying Measure (Lineal). 



ins. links. feet. yards. 

1 = .126 = .0833 — .0278 

7.92 =1 = .66 = .22 

12 = 1.515 = 1 = .333 

36 = 4.545 = 3 = 1 

792 = 100 = 66 = 22 

63360 = 8000 = 5280 = 1760 



chains, 
.00126 
.01 

.01515 
.04505 = 



= 1 



mile 

.0000158 
.000125 
.000189 
.000568 



= .0125 
80 =1 

1 knot or geographical mile = 6082.66 feet = 1854 metres 
1 Admiralty knot = 1.1515 statute miles =» 6080 feet. 

Table of Quantities. 



12 units or articles, 
12 dozen 

20 unit* or articles, 
24 sheets paper, 



1 dozen. 
1 gross. 
1 score.- 
1 quire. 



20 quires 

2 reams 

5 bundles 
Printer's token, 



French 
metres. 

.0254 

.2012 

— .3048 
=• .9144 

— 20.116 
= 1609.315 

1.152 statute mile. 



1 ream. 

1 bundle. 

1 bale. 

250 sheets. 



rJ 



33 



Gurney Hot Water Heater, 




.;>-'''""> 



FOR HEATING 

Dwellings, Offices, Public Buildings 
and Greenhouses. 

MANUFACTURED BY 

GURNEY HOT WATER HEATER CO., 

237 Franklin St., Boston, Mass. 
JOHN A. FISH, Managing Director. 

OVER 2500 IN USE SICE 1885. 

Advantages of Hot Water Heating : 

Equality of temperature throughout all parts of 
building. Simplicity of the apparatus— an ordinary 
male or female domestic fully competent to take 
charge. Perfectly noiseless ; no snapping or gur- 
gling noises, common with steam. Consumption 
of fuel 25 per cent, less than by any other mode of 
heating. Send for descriptive catalogue, testi- 
monials and prices. 

M. H. JOHNSON, 

GEN'L SALES AGENT. 

138, 140 Centre St., New York, 



CTTIESITS dz CO.. 




FOR STEAM, WATER, CAS AND OIL. 



BRASS AND IRON VALVES AND COCKS. 

Railway, Steamship, Machinists', Engineers' and Factory Supplies. 

I 38 and I 40 Centre Street, 

Telephone *:• Spring 837." 2>Tew "ETorls- 

W. H. RANSOM, Manager. 



SELLING AGENTS FOR 

Crosby Steam Gage and Valve Co., Rensselaer Straightway 

Gate Valves, Ideal Steam and Hot Water 

Radiators, Excelsior Radiators. 



^ 



-- — - 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES- Continued. 



1 

144 

1296 

392' 14 

1568160 

6272640 



feet, 

.00694 = 

1 = 

9 =-- 

272^ = 

10890 = 

43560 = 



Square Measure, 

yards. perches. roods. 

.000772 = 

.111 = .00367 

1 = .0331 

30Ji = 1 

1210 = 40 

4840 = 160 



0000255 = .00000064 = 
= .0000918 = 
= .000826 = 
= .025 = 

= 4 = 



acre. 

.00C00C159 
.000023 
.0002062 
.00625 



Square 

metres. 

.0OC645 

.0929 

.8361 

25.292 

1011.7 

4046.7 



100 square feet = 1 square. 
1 chain wide = 8 acres per mile. 
10 square chains = 1 acre. 
1 hectare = 2.471143 acres. 

C = 27878400 sq. feet. 
1 square mile. < = 3097600 sq. yds. 

r = 640 acres. 
Acres x .0015625 «= Square miles. 
Sq. yds. x .000000323 = sq. miles. 
A section of land is 1 mile square, and contains 640 acres 
A square acre is 208.71 feet at each side. 



" H 
A circular 
" % 



521-6 
73% 
104}£ 
120K 
147% 
208% 



feet 
feet 
feet 
feet 
feet 
feet 



square, 
6quare, 
square, 
square, 
square, 
square, 



147.58 

104.355 " " 
' 235.504 feet in diameter. 

166.527 " 

117 752 " 

or 2,722% square 

or 5,445 square 

or 10,890 square 

or 14,520 square 

or 21,780 square 

or 43,560 square 



feet 



T-16 



acre, 
acre, 
acre, 
acre, 
.: ere. 
■ire. 



Cubic Measure. 



ins. feet. yard. 

1 = .0005788 = .000002144 
172 < -= 1 = .03704 

46656 =27 ~ 1 

A cord of wood= 128 cubic feet, being 4 feet high, 4 feet wide, and 8 feet long. 
42 cuoic feet = a ton of shipping. 

A Cubic Foot is Equal to 



cubic 
metres. 

.0C0016386. 

.028315 

.764513 



1728 cubic inches. 

.037037 cubic yard. 

.803564 U. S. struck bushel of 2150.42 

cubic inches. 
3.21426 U. S. pecks. 

7.48052 U. S. liquid galls, of 231 cub. inch. 
6.42851 U. S. dry gallons. 



29.92208 U. S. liquid quarts. 

25.71405 U. S. dry quarts. 

59.84416 U- S. Kquid pints. 

51.42809 U. S. dry pints. 

239.37662 U. S. gills. 

26667 flour barrel of 3 struck bushels. 

23748 U. S. liquid barrel of 31% gallons. 



Dry Measure. 

The Standard Bushel contains 215(\42 cubic inches, or 77.627013 pounds avoirdu- 
pois of pure water at maximum density It legal dimensions are 18% inches Diam- 
eter inside, 19% inches outside, and 8 inches deep ; and when heaped, the cone must 
be 6 inches high, making a heaped bushel equal to 1 1 4 struck ones. 

Pints. Quarts. Gallons. Pecks. Bushels. Cubic Inches. 

.250 = .125 = .0315 = 67.2 

1 = .5 = .125 = 268.8 

2 = 1 = 25 = 537.6 
8 = 4= 1 = 2150.42 

Liquid Measure* 

The standard gallon measures 281 cubic inches, or 8.33888 lbs., avoirdupois of 
pure water, at about 39.85 degrees Pahr., the barometer at 30 inches. 

gills. 

4 = 1 pint. 

8 = 2 = 1 quart. 



2 = 


1 


8 = 


4 


16 = 


8 


64 «= 


32 



32 = 
1344 = 
2016 = 
2488 = 
4032 = 
806-1 = 



336 = 

504 = 

672 = 

1008 = 

2016 = 



4 

168 
252 
H36 
504 
1008 



1 gallon. 



42 
63 = 
84 = 
126 = 
252 = 



1 tierce. 

1% = 1 hogshead. 

2 •= Hj = 1 puncheon. 

3 =2 = 1% - 1 pipe. 

6 =4 =3 =2 = 1 tun. 



A cubic foot contains 7% gallons. 



35 



+ IRON -r 

ROOFING 

SIDING, CEILING, 

ARCH ESand LATH. 

CINCINNATI 

CORRUGATING CO. 

* CINCINNATI. O. 

SEND FOR ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE. 



A VALUABLE IMPROVEMENT WHICH IS EXCELLENT, EFFICIENT AND DURABLE. 
Practically Tested and Thoroughly Reliable. 

NORWOOD'S IMPROVED SAND SCREEN. 

The superiority of the NORWOOD 
SCREEN over the old style consists in 
the entire absence of lacing wire, in place 
of which strong iron cross-bars are used, 
with equally distant grooves, to receive 
the upright wires; a half -oval bar of 
iron, clamped at top of wires, makes it 
very strong and keeps the upright wires 
in the proper place, yet leaving a smooth 
surface for the sand to pass over. 

One trial of this Screen will convince 
anyone that money can be saved by using 
the NORWOOD PATENT SCREEN. 

These Screens are made in two sizes : 

Small Size, 22x60 inches, Prict, $4.00 each. 
Large Size, 27x68 inches. Price, 855.00 each. 

Pbopbietoe and Manufactukek 

J. NORWOOD, 

The Long Island fire ani Iron Worts. 

340 ADAMS STREET, 
BROOKLYN, IT. Y. 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



THE METRIC SYSTEM. 



WEIGHTS. 



Metric Denominations and values. 



Names, 
Millier or. tonneau 
Quintal 
Myiiagram 
Kilogram or kilo 
Hectogram. 
Dekagram 
Gram 
D-cigram 
Centigram 
Milligram 



No. Grams. 

= 1,000,000 

100,000 

10,000 

1,000 

100 

10 

1 

.1 

.01 

.001 



Equivalents in Denominations in use 
Weight of what quantity of Avoirdupois 
water at maximum density. "Weight. 

= 1 cubic meter = 2204 G p.,u:;ds 

= 1 hectoliter = 220 4ii pounds 

= 10 liters = 22.04ti pounds 

= 1 liter = 2.204J pounds 

= 1 deciliter = 3.5274 ounces. 

= 10 c. centimeter == 3527 ounce. ' 

= 1 c. centimeter = 13.432 grains. 

= .1 c. centimeter = 1 5432 giains. 

= 10 c. miilimeter = 0.1543 grain. 

= 1 c. millimeter = 0.0154 grain. 



MEASURES OF LENGTH. 



Metric Denominations and Values. 
10,000 meters 



Myriameter = 
Kiioaieter = 
Hectometer = 
Dekameter = 
Mster = 

Decimeter = 
Centimeter = 
Millimeter = 



1,000 

100 

10 

1 



meters = 
meters = 
meters = 
meter = 
.1 of a meter = 
01 of a meter =, 



Equivalents in Denominations in use. 

6.2137 miles. 

0.62137 m. or 3,280 feet 10 inches. 

32S feet and 1 inch. 

393.7 inches. 

39.37 inches. 

3.937 inches. 

0.3937 inch. 



.001 of a meter = O.D.i94 inch. 



MEASURES OF SURFACE. 

Metnc Denominations and Values. Equivalents in Denomination in use. 

Hectare = 10.000 square meters = 2 471 acres. 



Are = 

Centare = 



100 square meters 
1 square meter 



= 119.6 square yards. 
= 1.550 square inches. 



MEASURES OF CAPACITY. 



Metric Denominations and Values. 
Names. No. Liters. Cubic Measure. 



Kiloliter = 


1,000 - 


1 cubic meter = 


Hectoliter = 


100 =. 


.1 cubit meter •=• 


Decaliter — 


10 =- 


10 c. decimeters= 


Liter =■ 


1 = 


1 c. decimeter = 


Deciliter — 


.1 =3 


.1 c. decimeter =■ 


Centiliter — 


.01 = 


10 c.centimeter8= 


Milliliter - 


.001 - 


1 c. centimeter*- 



Equivalents in Denominations in use- 
Dry Measure. Wine Measure. 
1.303 cubic yards = 264.17 gallons. 
2 bush. 3.35 pks. = 26.417 gallons. 
9.08 quarts = 2.6417 gallons. 

0.908 quart = 1.0567 quarts 

6.1022 cubic inch.= 845 gill. 
0.6102 cubic inch.=» 0.338 fluid oz. 
0.061 cubie Inches— 0.27 fluid dr. 



37 




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39 



NEW YORK SAFETY DUMB WAITER FIXTURES 

Patented United States, April 19th, 1887; in Canada, May 18th, 1887. 

The MOST COMPLETE, 
SIMPLE and ABSOLUTELY 
SAFE WAITER made. Pro- 
vided with SAFETY ROPE, 
AVOIDING ACCIDENT. EN- 
TIRELY NOISELESS, and 
moves wi th perfect ease. 

FIXTURES ONE SIZE 
ONLY, adapted to any size 
waiter. Canbe adjusted 
by any CARPENTER or 
MECHANIC. DIAGRAM and 
FULL DIRECTIONS ACCOM- 
PANY EACH SET. 

HANDSOMELY BRONZED , 
and packed ONE SET in a 
BOX- Sold by the Hard- 
ware trade. 

PRICE, 15.00. 

For catalogue address 
the manufacturers. 

We also mate a Hani-Power Elevator (5001. Capacity). 

Send for Descriptive Catalogue, also 
Sheet of Testimonials. 

THE EDWARD STORM SPRING CO., Limited, 

Poughkeepsie, N. 7. 

or, JOHN H. GRAHAM & CO., Sole Mfrs. Agents, 

113 Chambers Street, New York. 





HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



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41 




L 




■TOW «ERY 60., 



New York Salesroom, 122 Chambers St., Only, 
Office and Factory, Northampton, Mass. 




MANUFACTURERS OF 








UPEBIQB TABLE CUTLERY 

Of Every Description, 



With Cocoa, Ebony, Bone, Rubber, Cellu- 
loid, Ivory and Plated Handles, 
including an Assortment of 

carvers m nteit mud forks 

Of the latest and most approved designs. 

frInoh~c6oks ; "KNIVES 



'■^.v:^fy^. i 



Tempered and ground especially for 
Professional use. 



6UTCKLR, HUNTING, STICKING and SKINNING 

KNIVES, 

In all the usual styles of perfect finish and 
guaranteed quality. 



A full assortment of these very desirable Goods 
can be obtained from 



ANY OF THE LEADING JOBBING HOUSES 11 THE UNITED 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF METALS. 

The most reliable tests of electric conductivity of the metals are those 
lately made by Mr. L. "Weiller. They were conducted with a series of bars 
specially prepared for the purpose. The measurements were taken by 
means of a Wheatstone bridge with a sliding index, a differential galva- 
nometer, and a battery of four cells. The results are given in the following 
table, the comparison being based on the conductivity of silver, which is 
taken as 100 : 

Names of Metals. Conductivity. 

Silver, pure 100 

Copper, pure 100 

Copper, pure, super-refined and crystallized 99.9 

Silicon bronze, telegraphic 98 

Copper and silver alloy at 50 per cent 86.65 

Gold, pure 78 

Silicon copper, 4 per cent, of silicon 75 

Silicon copper, 12 per cent, of silicon , 54.7 

Aluminium, pure 54.2 

Tin, with 10 per cent, of sodium 46.9 

Silicon bronze, telephonic 35 

Plumbiferous copper, with 10 per cent, of lead 30 

Zinc, pure 29.9 

Phosphor-bronze 29 

Silicon brass, with 25 per cent of zinc 26.49 

Brass, with 35 per cent of zinc 21.15 

Phosphor-tin 17.7 i 

Gold and silver, 50 per cent. each. 16.12 

Swedish iron 16 

Banca tin, pure 15.45 

Antimonous copper 12.7 

Aluminium bronze, 10 per cent. A ' 12.6 

Cadmium Amalgam, 15 per Cent. Cd 12. 2 

Siemens steel , 12 

Mercurial bronze 10.14 

Platinum, pure 10.6 

Arsenical copper, 10 per cent, arsenic 9.1ft 

Lead, pure 8.88 

Bronze, with 20 per cent, of tiu 8.4 

Nickel, pure 7.89 

Phosphor-bronze, 1 per cent, tin 6.5 

Phosphor-copper, 9 per cent, phosphorus 4.9 

Antimoay 3.88 



Relative Non-Conductivity of Materials. 

Mr Charles E. Emery of New York recently made some experiments 
upon relative non-conduct' vity. with reference to the needs of the New 
York Steam Company. His apnaratus consisted of a boiler 12 feet in diam- 
eter, with three 10-inch flues passing through it. Inside these flues were 
smaller tubes, through which the steam passed. The non-conductors 
surrounded the inner tubes, and water was kept circulating around the flues 
in the outer shell. A layer of haif felt 2 inches thick gave the best result, 
and using equal thicknesses of the other materials the following percentage 
was obtained : 



Hair fe't 100 

Mineral wool, No. 2 8:i.2 

Mineral wool, No. 2 and tar.... 71.5 

Sawdust 68 

Mineral wool, No. 1 67.6 

Charcoal 63.2 

Pine wood, across grain 65.3 

The low result from air-space no doubt is due to the unimpeded circu- 
lation of the current. 



Loam 55 

Gas- works lime, slaked 48 

Asbestos 36.3 

Coal ashes 34.5 

Fuel coke 27.7 

Air space, 2 inches deep 13.6 



43 



DIXON'S PLUMBAGO CRUCIBLES, 

The Standard and of "World-Wide Keputation. 

DIXON'S SILICA-GRAPHITE PAINT, , 

Unaffected by Heat or Cold and Unrivaled for Wood or Metal. Just the 
thing for Boiler Fronts. 

DIXON'S GRAPHITE MACHINE GREASE, 

An almost Indestructible Lubricant for Loose Bearings or Gears. 

DIXON'S PERFECTED DRY GRAPHITE, 

Absolutely Pure and Free from Grit. 

DIXON'S GRAPHITED OIL, 

For Cooling Purposes and Close-Fitting Bearings. 

DIXON'S AMERICAN GRAPHITE PENCILS, 

For Draughtsmen, for Offices and for Carpenters. 

DIXON'S TRACTION BELT GREASE, 

Causes New Belts to remain new, Prevents Slipping and Preserves the Leather. 

DIXON'S GRAPHITE, PLUMBAGO, BLACK LEAD, 

Prepared for all purposes. 

Correspondence Solicited and Circulars Free. 
JOSEPH DIXON :CRUCIBLE CO. JERSEY CITY, N. J., U. S. A, 

1888. OVER IOOO TONS 1888. 

OF IT 

USED WITH SAFETY TO MAN I BEAST 

I isj Ik/ills ap JUW^i^ii^ li 



^H^y|\taJ| HB^^^^L^^IK.^^^^^^^^. 1 WBk w '« £.>£ Qk Ufa ^ak wt ~~^i& * 

NEEDED IN ALL THE VILLAGES OF AMERICA. 

For Pamphlet, Address B. HAMMOND, 

Sold bj Seedsmes, Wholesale aid Retail, FISHSIU-ON-BUSSON, I. 1 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Common Names of Chemical Substances. 

Common Nameh. Chemical. Names. 

Aqua Fortis Nitric Acid. 

Aqua Regia Nitro-Muriatic Acid. 

Blue Vitriol Sulphate of Copper. 

Cream of Tartar Bitartrate Potassium; 

Calomel Chloride of Mercury. 

Chalk Carbonate Calcium. 

Salt of T irtar Carbonate of Potassa. 

Caustic Potassa t Hydrate Potassium. 

Chloroform Chloride of Gormyle. 

Common Sa" t Chloride of Sodium. 

Copperas, or Green Vitriol Sulphate of Iron. 

Corrosive Sublimate Bi-Chloride of Mercury. 

Diamond Pure Carbon. 

Dry Alum Sulphate Alluminum and Potassium. 

Epsom Salts Sulphate of Magnesia. 

Ethiops Mineral Black Sulphide of Mercury. 

Fire Damp Light Carburetted Hydrogen. 

Galena Sulphide of Lead. 

Glauber's Salt Sulphate of Sodium. 

Glucose Grape Sugar. 

Goulard Water Basic Acetate of Lead. 

Iron Pyrites , Bi-Sulphide of Iron. 

Jeweler's Putty Oxide of Tin. 

King's Yellow Sulphide of Arsenic. 

Laughing Gas Protoxide of Nitrogen. 

Lime Oxide of Calcium. 

Lunar Caustic Nitrate of Silver. 

Mosaic Gold Bi-Sulphide of Tin. 

Muriate, of Lime Chloride of Calcium. 

Nitre of Saltpetre Nitrate of Potash. 

Oil of Vitriol Sulphuric Acid. 

Potash Oxide of Potassium. 

Realgar Sulphide of Arsenic. 

Red Lead Oxide of Lead. 

Rust of Iron Oxide of Iron. 

Salmoniac Muriate of Ammonia. 

Slacked Lime Hydrate Calcium. 

Soda Oxide of Sodium. 

Spirits of Hartshorn Ammonia. 

Spirit of Salt Hydro-Chloric or Muriatic Acid. 

Stucco, or Plaster of Paris Sulphate of Lime. 

Sugar of Lead Acetate of Lead. 

Verdigris Basic Acetate of Copper. 

Vermillion Sulphide of Mercury. 

Vinegar .'. Acetic Acid (Diluted). 

Volatile Alkali Ammonia. 

Water Oxidj of Hydrogen 

White Precipitate A mmoniated Mercury. 

White Vitriol Sulphate of Zinc. 

To Obtain the Weight of Grindstones. 

Rule : Square the diameter (in inches), multiply by thick- 
ness (in inches), then multiply by decimal .06363. 

Example: Find the weight of a Jtone 4 feet 6 inches diam- 
eter and 7 inches thick. 

4 ft. 6 in. =54 inch ; square of 54=2916 ; multiplied by 7= 
20412; multiplied by .06363=Ans., 1298.815 lbs., which is 
weight of stone. All Grindstones weighing less than 200 lbs. 
are sold at "cut-weight." This is the actual weight over the 
scales as they come from the lathe (less a fair amount for moist- 
ure), and is cut Into each stone. All Grindstones weighing 
over 200 pounds are sold by measurement- weight only, rule for 
■which is given. 



45 





"AMERICAN" "<jEM" 

SINGLE-ACTION DOUBLE-ACTION • 

ICE CREAM FREEZERS. 

THE BEST IN THE WORLD. 

Manufactured by 

AMERICAN MACHINE COMPANY, 

N. . Cor. Lehigh Ave. & American Sis.. PHILADELPHIA 

^Dtfln Too PhlTUIPri Send for Catalogue and " Some Reasons Why " PunTOn TpQ 
Oldl llu ulil|IjJuli the " Gem » is the best Freezer in the world. LIU FY II llu 



otossuva. 




STOTTGS-HTOlSr, MAS&, 

Sole Manufacturers of 




iHvmn Han. 



The Advantages of this Haft oyer other* are : 

1st. It is the only Haft or Tool Holder that carries the tools 
in the same end of the Holder in which they are used. 

2d. No shifting the Holder end for end in 
changing the instrument. 

3d. No shaking the tools out into the hand 
to get the one wanted. 

4th. The same motion that unscrews the DSI 
instrument in use removes the cap that covers r^ 
the surplus tools r-^ 

5th. No wrench to be used. • 

6th. It has a solid handle and can be used c 
with a mallet. 

The Hafts are furnished with a Nickel-Plated 
Brass Cap. The Handle is Rosewood. 

Tre Tools. Fine Quality Steel Perfectly Tempered. 




tsr 



PRICE {6.50 PEE 802, 



NET GASH, 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



SOME THINGS THAT ARE MISNAMED. 

The misapplication of a name in speaking of the common things of life is a source 
of many errors, especially in the young. The reason why things are not rightly 
named in ail cases is not because of any deficiency of our language, but because the 
names of most common substances were given long years ago, and very often be- 
fore the true nature of the articles were understood. The "Journal of Applied 
Science " has this to say upon the subject: 

Why should trade not have a Johnson to classify and correct the mass of incon- 
sistencies that go to make up its nomenclature ? We not only tax our brains to in- 
vent " fantastic " names for every new fabric, varied, perhaps, only by a thread or a 
shade from what our grandparents wore a century ago, but there are in use positive 
misnomers for many staple articles of merchandise. The following imperfect list, 
culled from sources already at hand, will give a faint idea of them: 

Acid (sour), applied in chemistry to a class of bodies to which sourness is only 
accidental, and by no means a universal characteristic Thus rock crystals, quartz, 
flint, etc., are chemical acids, though no particle of acidity belongs to them. 

Black lead does not contain a single particle of lead, being composed of carbon 
and iron. 

Brazilian grass does not come from Brazil, or even grow there ; nor is it grass at 
all. It consists of a palm leaf (Thrinax argentea), and is imported chiefly from 
Cuba. 

Burgundy pitch is not pitch, nor is it manufactured in or exported from Bur- 
gundy. Tne best is a resi»ous substance prepared from common frankincense, and 
brought from Hamburg ; but by far the greater quantity is a mixture of rosin and 
palm oil. 

China, as a name for porcelain, gives rise to the contradictory expressions — 
British china, Dutch china, Chelsea china, etc., like wooden milestones, iron mile- 
stones, brass shoe-horns, iron pens, steel pens. 

Cuttle bone is not bona at all, but a structure of pure chalk, once embedded 
loosely in the substance of C3rtain species of cuttle fish. It is enclosed in a mem- 
braneous sac within the body of the fish, and drops out when the sac is opened, 
but it has no connection whatever with the sac of the cuttle fish. 

Galvanized iron is not galvanized. It is simply iron coated with zinc ; and this 
is done by dipping it in a zinc bath containing muriatic acid. 

German silver is not silver at all, nor was the metallic alloy called by that name 
invented by a German, but has been in use in China time out of mind. 

Honey soap contains no honey, nor is honey in any way employed in its manufac- 
ture. It is a mixture of palm oil, soap and olive-oil s/>ap, each one part, with three 
parts of curd soap, or yellow soap scented. 

Japan lacquer contains no lac at all, but is made from the sap of a tree called 
Rhus vernicifera. 

Kid gloves are not usually made from kid skins, but of lamb or sheep skins. At 
present many of them are made of rat skins. 

Meerschaum is not petrified " sea foam," as its name implies, but is a composi- 
tion of silica, magnesia and water. 

Mosaic gold has no connection with Moses or the metal gold. It is an alloy of 
copper and zinc, used in the ancient museum or tessellated work. 

Mother-of-pearl is the inner layer of several sorts of shells. It is not the mother 
of pearl, as its name indicates, but in some cases the matrix of tne pearl. 

Pen means a feather (Latin penna, a wing). A steel pen is not a very choice ex- 
pression. 

Prussia blue does not come from Prussia, but is the precipitate of the salt of pro- 
toxide of iron with prussiate of potassa. 

Salad oil is not oil for salad, but oil for cleaning sallades— i. e., helmets. 

Salt is not salt at all, and has long been excluded from the class of bodies denomi- 
nated " salts." 

Sealimr wax is mt wax at all. nor does it contain a single particle of wax. 
It is made of shellac. Venice turpentine and cinnibar. Cinmbar giv es it a deep, 
red color, and the turpentine renders the snellac soft and less brittle. 

Soerm oil properly means " seed oil " (Latin, sperma, seed), from the notion that 
it was spermaceti (the sperm or melt of a whale). The sperm whale is the whale that 
gives "seed oil," which is taken chiefly, but not wholly from tne head. 

Whilebone is not bone at all, nor does it possess any of the properties of bone. It 
is a substance attached to the upper jaw of the whale, and serves to strain the 
water which the creature takes up in large mouthiuls. 

Rhinoceros horn is not horn at all, but a kind of matted or compact hair, and is 
only like a horn from being a protuberance on the animal s head. 



47 



THE AU 



TACK CO., 



t 



-^TTZBTTZRIsr, 1ST. "TT., 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



TACKS AND SMALL NAILS 



OF EYERY DESCRIPTION. 



STEEL 




T 




UNIFORM "HORSE SHOE" BRAND, 

TWO OUNCES In Paper. All Sizes. 

stTTnrmTi nunnjj 








FOUR OUNCES In Paper. All Sizes. 






TIT„; 




a 



BARREL AND 3d FINE NAILS. 




HUNGARIAN NAILS, OVAL AND SHOT HEAD. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Length and Number of Cut Nails to the Pound. 




SIZE. 


to 
a 

a 

Hi 


o 

a 
a 

o 

o 


a 
3 


« 


bo 

•S 

3 

3 


a 


3 

u 

03 

« 


60 

.a 

S3 

09 

o 


to 

S3 

u 


d 
o 
o 

03 

.O 
O 

H 


gg 

o 

ft 

w 
a 


X 

% 

2d 


%in 

'A 
l 

i¥ 
1% 
1% 
2 

2^ 

2# 

2% 

3 

3& 

3^ 

4 

*% 
5 

5# 
6 

6^ 

7 

8 








800 
500 
376 
224 
180 
























8oa 

480 

288 

200 

168 

124 

88 

70 

58 

44 

34 

23 

18 

14 

10 

8 


95 
74 
62 
53 
46 
42 
38 
33 
20 


84* 
64 
48 
36 
30 
24 
20 
16 


1100 

720 

523 

410 

268 

188 

146 

130 

102 

76 

62 

54 


1000 
760 
368 










3d 










4d 


398 








5d 




lao 

96 
82 
68 




6d 






221 

128 
110 
91 
71 
54 
40 
33 
27 


126 
98 
75 
65 
55 
40 
27 




7d. , , 

8d 








9d 








lOd 








?8 


12d. 








16d 








?fl 


20d 






14# 


30d 










40d 














9vr 


50d. 
















8 


60d. 


















fi 




















5>si 






















4^ 






















2# 





NUMBER OF TACKS IN A POUND. 




Title. 


Length. 


No. per lb. 


Title. | Length. 


No. per lb. 


1 ounce. 


T 3 S inch. 


16,000 


10 ounce. 


\% inch. 


1,600 


1% ounce. 


/ry inch. 


10,666 


12 ounce. 


}&inch. 


1,332 


2 ounce. 


\ inch. 


8,000 


14 ounce. 


11 inch. 


1,143 


1% ounce. 


x s s inch. 


6,400 


16 ounce. 


\% inch. 


1,000 


3 ounce. 


§ inch. 


5,332 


18 ounce. 


\% inch. 


888 


4 ounce. 


T 7 5 inch. 


4,000 


20 ounce. 


\% inch. 


800 


6 ounce. 


T 8 5 inch. 


2,666 


22 ounce. 


1 inch. 


727 


8 ounce. 


T ° B inch. 


2,000 


24 ounce. 


1^ inch. 


666 





ST-A_2iT2D^.S^3D "WERE SX&-£tS 


LIST 




Length. 


Gauge. 


Length. 


Gauge. 


Inch. 


Fine. 


Med. 


Stout. 


Inch. 


Fine. 


Med. 


Stout. 


% 


21 


20 


19 


IX 


16 


15 


14 


>i 


20 


19 


18 


1% 


15 


14 


13 


% 


20 


19 


18 


2 


14 


13 


12 


X 


19 


18 


17 


1H 


14 


13 


12 


% 


18 


17 


16 


Wz 


13 


12 


11 


1 


18 


17 


16 


*% 


13 


12 


11 


IX 


17 


16 


15 


3 


12 


11 


10 



The Term " Penny" as Applied to Nails. 

The origin of the terms " six-penny," "ten-penny," etc., as applied to 
nails, though not commonly known, is involved in no mystery whatever. 
Nails have been made a certain number of pounds to the thousand for many 
years, and are still reckoned in that way in England, a ten-penny being a 
thousand nails to ten pounds, a six- penny a thousand to six pounds, a 
twenty-penny weighing twenty pounds to the thousand ; and, in ordering, 
buyers call for the three-pound, six-pound, or ten-pound variety, etc. , until, 
by the Englishmen's abbreviation of " pun " for " pound," the abbreviation 
has been made to stand for penny, instead of pound, as originally intended. 



49 





PIKE 

BQXLEE and BftXDSE &XVETS, 

BOILER BRAGS JAWS, STAY BOLT IRON, 
SQUARE AND HEXAGON NUTS, 

WASHERS AND BOLTS. 

FULLER BROTHERS & CO., 



139 GREENWICH ST., 



NEW YORK. 




New Departure" 




One Book Equal to a Whole Closet. 

Six to ten garments can be placed on a 
hook and any one may be removed without 
taking off the others. By turning the 
swivelled hook, garments can be placed on 
the bottom stud, and the hook closed. To 
remove an inner garment, draw forward 
the loops of the outer garments on to the 
swivelled hook, and then open it right or 
left, and the desired one can be removed. 

$3 Per'iDoz. Liberal Discounts. 
JAYNE & CROSBY, 110 LIBERTY STREET, NEW YORK. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



EXTRAS ON CUT NAILS. 

At a meeting of the Nail Association held Feb. 9th, 1888, the following 
changes in the Schedule of Extras were unanimously adopted, to go into 
effect immediately, viz. ; 

The base to be lOd to 30d, No Extra. 

40d, 50d and 60d to be 25 cents per Keg above base. 

3d Fine to be $1.75 per Keg above base. 

Clinch Nails to be $1 above same length common Nail. 

Each Half- Keg to be 15 cents extra. 

The above changes leave the Extras above base standing thus : 

8d and 9d Nails, Fencing, Sheathing and Brads, 40d, 50d, 60d Nails and 
all Spikes 25 cents. 

6d and 7d Nails, Fencing and Sheathing and Brads, 50 cents. 

4d and 5d Nails, Fencing, Sheathing and Brads, 75 cents. 

3d, 3X and 4d Fine, $1.50; 3d Fine, $1.75 ; 2d, $2.25. 

Cooper, Tobacco and Slating to be 50c. above same length common Nail. 

Flooring, Casing and Box to be 75c. above same length common Nail. 

Clinch Nails and Finishing to be $1 above same length common Nail. 

Fine Finishing to be $1 25 above same length common Nail. 

Each Half-Keg, 15 cents Extra. 



Rules to be Observed in Ordering Metal or Wire. 

In case parties ordering Metal or Wire have no Gauge, a small piece of 
either material may be sent, which will answer for the Number. 

All Copper in Sheets is numbered according to Stubs' Gauge.. 

All Brass in Sheets is numbered according to Brown & Sharpe's Gauge. 

Brass and Copper Wire is numbered according to Stubs' Gauge 

Brazed Brass and Copper Tabing is numbered aocording to Brown & 
Sharpe's Gauge. 

Seamless Brass and Copper Tubing is numbered according to Stubs' 
Gauge. 

All orders, when the name of Gauge is not stated, wi'l be filled as above. 

In ordering Meta' alw iys st te width and temper wanted. 

In orderiug Wire always state whether Hard, Soft or Spring Wire is 
wanted. 

The term " High " Brass r fers to color, and not to temper. 

For table of informati n relating to Weights and Sizes of Sheet Copper, 
see Contents 

For table showing the difference between Gauges, see Contents. 



Copper Rivets and Burs. 

Copper Rivets and Burs are piclced as follows : 
Belt Rivets and Burs, an equal number of each in 1 lb. boxes. 
Belt Rivets only, in 1 ft boxes 
Belt and Hose Rivets only, no Burs in 4 ft. boxes. 
Oval Hend Trunk Rivets only, n i Burs, No. 9, in 4 ft. boxes. 
Braziers' Rivets only, in 5 ft. boxes. 
Burs only, in 1 ft. boxes. 

Belt Rivets, assorted lengths, from % inch to % inch, of one number, 
with Burs to match, in ]4 ft. and 1 ft. boxes. 



Sizes of Soldering Coppers. 

Pointed, \% lbs. per pair. 

" 2,~3. 4 ft, 6. 7, 8. 9, 10, 12 lbs. per pair. 
Flat, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, * fts. per pair. 
Hatchet, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, iO fts. per pair. 
Roofing, 11 fts. per pair, with handles and shield. 



51 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



CUT SPIKES. 

NUMBER IN KEG OF 100 POUNDS. 



3 




....2900 


5 




950 


6* 




....575 


3* 


K 


2100 


5* 


u 


850 


7 


(< 


450 


4 


(( 


1500 


6 


<( 


775 


8 


(< 


375 


4* 


(( 


1150 










- 





RAILROAD SPIKES. 

NUMBER IN 100 POUNDS. 



1 






Length. 


'2 ® 










3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


12 


14 


l 

4 


1340 


1060 


870 


680 














A 




620 


580 


540 














3 
8 






460 


380 


320 


290 


250 








.7. 
i 6 






320 


280 


240 


220 


200 








* 






260 


210 


180 


170 


140 


130 


110 




1 






170 


130 






100 


90 


80 


70 



WROUGHT BOAT AND SHIP SPIKES. 

NUMBER IN A KEG OF 150 POUNDS. 



1 

.2 oo 


Length. 


y 3 a 


3 


3* 


4 


H 


5 


5* 


6 


62- 


7 


7* 


8 


H 


9 


10 


i 

4 


1910 


1585 


1326 


1223 


1025 




















16 


1010 


963 


810 


605 


583 




521 
















_7_ 
lb 






542 


503 


461 


423 


402 


321 














Jl 
2 










340 


312 


298 


280 


261 


240 


223 








•rtr 














221 


200 


190 


180 


170 


160 


150 


130 


a 
b 






















140 


130 


120 


100 



WEIGHT AND THICKNESS OF BOILER IRON. 



£ inch weigh 


is 5 lbs. 


.a. »< 

16 


i 4 


n «• 


1 t« 
4 


u 


10 u 


lt> 


(< 


12^ u 


3 (( 
8 


(< 


15 " 


JL. » « 
16 


u 


m " 


1 " 
2 


< 1 


20 " 



per sq. ft. 



No. 


1 


Iron is . . 


5 
• • 1" 6 


inch thick 


No. 


3 


<( 


9 
••3 2 


a 


No. 


4 


u 


1 
. . 4 


i i 


No. 


5 


<( 


-I. 


a 


No. 


7 


(< 


3L 

••16 


<( 



52 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



~l 



TABLE 



SHOWING AYEEAGE WEIGHT PEE FATHOM, ADMIRALTY TEST, AND 
SIZES OF CHAINS EEQUIEED FOE VESSELS, ACCOEDING TO THEIE 
EEGISTEEED TONNAGE. FOE LOW DECK VESSELS ADD ONE FIFTH 
TO THE TONNAGE. 



Size. 


Common Coil 

Weight 

in 100 feet. 


Proved . 
Av'gWeight 
perFathom. 


Size of 
Rope. 


Proof. 


a 
o 
H - 

£§, 

•£* 
GO 


14 

o 

o 

a 
< 


Inches. 


Stud. 


Short 
Link. 


Inches. 


Cable 
Chain . 


BBB 

Crane 
Cliain. 


O 

N 
0Q 


3 16 


50 
80 
100 
140 
210 
265 
320 
420 
500 
590 
680 
790 


33 

38 

43 

50 

58 

65 

72 

80 

89 

98 

110 

118 

128 

138 

150 

161 

175 

188 

200 

215 

230 

250 

290 


4 
6 
7 
9 

12 

15 

19 

25 

3- 

35 

40 

46 

54 

61 

69 

76 

85 

95 

104 

115 

125 

135 

148 

160 


1 

1¥ 

2# 

3# 

4 

4% 

&#• 

6^ 
7 

7% 
s# 

9% 
10 
10& 

nx 

12 

12% 

13# 

ux 

15 

15tf 

16 

16# 

17* 
18 

is* 

19* 
20 
21 
22 










H 
5-16 

% 
7-16 , 

% 
9-16 

% 
11-16 

X 

13-16 

% 

15-16 
1 
1 1-16 

IX 
1 3-16 

1% 

1 5-16 

IX 

1 7-16 

1% 
1 9-16 

1% 
1 11-16 

1 13-16 

1% 
1 15-16 
V 

2% 


J* 

3 

4 

5 

6 

8 
10 
12 
14 
16 
18 
20 
23 
26 
28 
30 
34 
37 
41 
44 
48 
52 
56 
60 
64 
68 
72 
80 
88 


3 
4 
5 
6 
8 
10 
12 
14 
16 
IS 
22 
26 
23 
3D 
34 
37 
41 
44 
48 
52 
66 


30 
50 
75 

100 

100 

110 

130 

160 

200 

240 

2S0 

320 

360 

400 

440 

500 

550 

600 

700 

850 

1,000 

1,150 

1,300 

1,450 

1 ,600 

2,U00 

2,500 


150 

200 

300 

400 

500 

COO 

70') 

800 

900 

1,100 

1,300 

1,455 

1,600 

1,750 

1,900 

2,100 

2,300 

2,5 

2,70) 

2,9uo 

3,1*0 

3,300 

3.500 

3,700 

3,900 

4,3 )0 






4,700 



% inch and smaller chains are made of full size iron; ail other sizes exact. 
Tested to the English Admiralty Standard. 

German Coil Chain. 



Wire Gauge. 



| 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 J 9 | 10 | 11 



I 12 I 
Number 1 000 | 00 | | 1 I 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 [ 



13 



Weight, in lbs. of 100 feet. . . | 37 | 30# | 24 1 19 | 14 H l lljtf | 8» | 7 | ** 
Breaking Strength | 695 | 580 j 520 | 488 | 360 | 322 | | j 



53 




THE STAR 

'ITh i« is tlip first Safety Razor and 
the only one that has given per- 
fect satisfaction and is endorsed 
by many prominent men. 



I 



Patented : 
June 15, 1880, 
June 22, 1880, 
May 4, 1886, 
June 22, 1886, 
June 22, 1886, 
December 14, 1886, 
March 8, 1887, 
April 12,1887, 

KAMPFE BROS. 

No. 8 Reade St., 




Manufacturers oi' 



Manilla, Sisal and Hemp 




& 





No. 48 South Street, New York. . 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



APPROXIMATE WEIGHT and STRENGTH of CORDAGE. 





Furnished by L. Waierbury & Co., New York City. 




Circum- 
ference in 
inches. 


Diameter 

in 
inches. 


Weight of 

100 f at'ms 

or 600 ft. 

in lbs. 


Weight 
of 100 
Fat'ms, 
Tarred 
in lbs. 


Strength 
of New 
Ropes, 
in lbs. 


No. of feet in 1 lb. 


6 thd. 


.3,iii, 


12 


17 


f40 


50 feet, 


9 il 


1. " 


18 


24 


780 


33 ' 


4 in. 


12 " 


A '• 


H 


34 


1000 


25 ' 




15 " 


4 " 


it!) 


45 


1280 


20 ' 




1£ in. 


7 i; 


37 


50 


1562 


17 ' 


8 in. 


H " 


1 it 


46 


55 


2250 


13 ' 




1| « 


.9 «' 


Co 


85 


3062 


9 " 


3 in. 


2 " 


& " 


80 


100 


4000 


7 k< 


6 in. 


2| " 


3 i« 


08 


125 


5000 


6 " 




2J " 


.13 < f 


120 


155 


6250 


5 « 




2| " 


7 (I 


142 


190 


7500 


4 " 


3 in. • 


3 " 


1 " 


170 


225 


9000 


3 " 


6 in. 


H " 


1A " 


200 


265 


10500 


3 ' 




3^ " 


H " 


230 


300 


12250 


2 ' 


7 in. 


33 ,« ■ 


li " 


271 


3S0 


14000 


2 « 


. 3 in. 


4 '« 


1ft " 


310 


405 


1 6000 


1 « 


11 in. 


41 u 


if " 


346 


455 


18 62 


1 « 


8 in. 


** " 


l* " 


390 


£10 


20250 


1 ' 


6 in. 


43. « 


19. " 


435 


575 


22500 


1 « 


5 in. 


5 " 


1£ " 


480 


640 


25000 


1 ' 


1 3 in. 


5-i- " 


If " 


581 


775 


30250 


1 k 




6 " 


2 " 


678 


930 


36' 00 




10§ in. 


6£ " 


2| « 


797 


1075 


42250 




9 in. 


7 " 


2i " 


920 


1245 


49000 




7§in. 


U " 


2£ " 


1106 


1405 


P6250 




C} in. 


8 U 


2| " 


1265 


1600 


64000 




EJ'in. 


8| " 


2$ " 


1420 


1780 


72250 




5 in. 


9 " 


3 " 


1572 


2030 


81000 




4^ in. 


9} " 


3| ■« 


1760 


2285 


90250 




4 in. 


10 " 


3§ " 


1951 


2550 


100000 




3^ in. 



The relative strength of Manila to Sisal is about as 7 is to 5 ; or Manila 
is about 25 per cent, stronger than Sisal. Hawser-laid Hope will weigh 
one-sixth less. 



Number of Kailroad Spikes Used to One Mile of Track. 




BOSLEY 7 S 

Flexible Rubber Weather Strips 

SOLID RUBBER-MOULDED INTO SHAPE. ' 

ALL ONE PIECE. HO STITCHING, NO CEMENTING* 

PATENT APPLIED FOE. 




— Size f in. 



. per foot, 5 cents 



No. 8 
Price 

No. 8— For the Sides of Windows. 

No. 9— Size \ in. 
Price per foot, 6 cents. 

No. 9— For the Sides of Windows, and Sides and Tops of Doors. 



No. 10— Size f in. 





Price per foot, 8 cents. 



No. I 0— For Sides and Tops of Doors, and the Bottom of Light Doors. 



No. 11-Size 1 in. 
Price per foot, 10 cents. 




NOr I I —For the Bottom of Heavy Doors. 



These Flexible Weather Strips are put up in lengths of 50 feet, making a 
package about 6 or 8 inches wide— 1000 feet making one foot square. Anyone 
can apply them, with tack-hammer and shears. 



Liberal Discounts to the Trade. 

Manufactured Only by 

D. W. BOSLEY <St CO.. 

273 East Madison St., CHICAGO, ILL., U. S. A. 

JOBS H. GRAHAM & CO., Sole Agents, 118 Chambers St., Sew Jork. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



OVAL SLIDE VISES. 



SIZES OF SCREWS AND LENGTH OP JAWS. 



Nos 



00 



Sizes of Screws... inches 



4 I 



I 1 I V, 



Length of Jaws... inches ! 2 



3* 



H 



Weight, pounds | 7| J 11 I 18 



29 



36 l I 54 



SOLID BOX VISES. 

LENGTH OF JAWS TO EACH SIZE MANUFACTURED. 

Nos | 25 j 30 | 35 1 40 1 45 [ 50 I 55 I 60 I 65 

Length of Jaws... inches | 3f | 3i- | 3£ | 4 | 4| | 4£ | 4+ | 4£ | 4f 



SOLID BOX 


VISES. — (CONTINUED. ) 








Nos 1 70 


75 | 80 | 85 | 90 | 95 | 


100 


105 


110 


Lg'th of Jaws, inches | 5 


5 "1 5* | 5£ | 5-H 5J | 


6 


6 


6* 


SOLID BOX 


VISES. — (continued. ) 










115 | 120 i 125 | 130 j 


135 


140 


145 


Length of Jaws — inches 


6± 1 6^ | 6* | 6f. | 


6! 


7 


7 


SOLID BOX 


vises, -^(continued. ) 








Nos 


| 150 | 160 | 170 | 


180 


190 


200 



Length of Jaws.... inches | 7 



7 1 

'4 



BOXES AND SCREWS. 



Diam. of Screw 

1^ inch 
1J. it 

-I A 



x 4 

2 



No. 1, for Vises fr 

.< 2 , " 

" 3, » 

» 5,' " 

" 6, " 

U «7 tt 



om No. 30 to No. 50 



" 55 to 

" 75 to 

" 90 to 

" 105 to 

" 130 to 

" 200 to 



70 
85 
100 
125 
195 
250 



Rope and Iron-Strapped Tackle Blocks. 

diameter of sheaves and size of rope taken by each. 


Lg'th of Blocks... inches 


| 4 | 5 | 6 


| 7 | 8 


1 9 


10 |11 


1 12 


Diam. of Wheels.. inches 


1 H 1 3 | 3£ 


|4il 5 


|5! 


6S I 7i 


8 


Diam. of Rope.... inches 


1 •■ i 1 . i 1 1 


I f|l 


1 i 


1*|1* 


H 


THICK 


MORTISE 


BLOCKS. 








inches | 9 


1 10 1 


ii 


12 | 


15 


Diameter of "Wheels 


inches | 5 J 


1 H 1 


n 


8 | 





Diameter of Rope inches | 1\ 1| 1- 



57 



The Greatest Labor-Saving Tool extant. 
Saves its cost in a very short time. 



^iilli 



mtm 



p 



<i 



Blade3 are made of the 
finest Steel and tempered 
with great care. 

Warranted throughout. 

The Screw-Driver here-* 
with represented is designed 
more especially for light 
and rapid work. 

Machinists, Gun and 

Locksmiths, 
Cabinet-Makers, Coffin- 
Makers, 
Carriage-Makers, 

and all other mechanics who 
have large numbers of 
screws to drive will find it a 
very convenient tool. 

No tiresome turning of the 
hand and tioisting of the 
wrist. Press forward, and 
the spiral turns the screws. 

SWBe sure you get the 
original " Allard," and not 
an imitation. 

PRICE LIST. 

No. 1. — Brass Cylinder 
and Black Walnut Haadle, 
retail, $2.25 each, net ; $27.00 
per doz. No. 2. — Nickeled 
Cylinder, Rosewood Han- 
dles, $2.50 each, net ; $30.00 
per doz. No. 3. — Brass Cyl- 
inder, Rosewood Handles, 
small size, $2.25 each, net ; 
$27.00 per doz. No. 4.— 
Nickeled Cylinder, Rose- 
wood Handles, small size, 
$2.50 each, net; $30.(0 per 
doz. Trade discount, 25 
per cent. Terms, 60 days, 
or 2 per cent, off for cash, 
10 days, f . o. b. Factory or 
New York. 



N. B. — May be ordered 
from your nearest Jobber 
in all the principal cities 
throughout the United 
States and Canada, who will 
supply you at above dis- 
count, thus saving freight 
charges. A sample by mail 
at above price. 



Manufactured by F. A. HOWARD. 



C33 



**5 



«xS 



IP 

^"on 

on J 3 

©s o « 

?3 .o 

u <» 3 

£ £.3 ® 

© tU)0-£ 

o o a S 
^§- 

>> CO -3 ^ g 

►> P< co c3 . 

$.8 g H ,o - 

£f « bet* 
n H -a is ■♦» " 



s 
« 

o 

o 

IS 






• i? ,rt S « ° 



1-1 U 



© - J OJU 
g £ CO -S "g .5 

® -d ^ S3 *° -T 

•O ©<m S ®£ 

s»S h oC 
5 ™-2 ® • tie 

■»» « S « S "S 

05 © 2 tM| -' 

h 01 0! ^ 

f 3 £ ® oe • 

>r-t « * 

•S'5 eS fi 

?h a~ © 

ns 03 A ft 

Price, $6 per Dozen. 

Discount 25 per Cent. 
Manufactured by 

WALLEN & NESBITT. 



The ALF0RD & BERKELE COMPANY, Sole Agents 



P. O. Box 2002. 



77 Chambers Street, New York- 



H PKI N S ' HAN DY NOTES AN D MEM ES. 



FROM BROWN & SHARrE, 

TABLTS OF DECIMATi EQUIVALENTS. 

of 8ths, 16ths, 32nds and 64ths of an Inch, 

FOR USE IN CONNECTION Wl-H 



8ths. 



£=.125 

i=.250 
f=.375 
^ = .500 
f = .625 
$=.750 
£=.875 
16ths. 
tV=-0625 



■V=.1875 



fV=.3125 
lj=.4375 
A=.5625 
H=.'6875 

If =.8 125 



32nds. 



64ths. 



64ths. 



i . 

Wi- 

_3_- 

32" 

fr= 

jr 

32 = 

9_ 
3 2 = 

tt= 

13_ 
8#- 

15._ 

32- 

Ssj- 

12. 

3 2- 

2 1 - 

F2~ 
%£= 

3 i 
-_5_ 



"3z- 

a_L- 

3 2" 



:. 03125 
:. 09375 
:. 15625 
.21875 
:. 28125 
.34375 
.40625 
.46875 
.53125 
.59375 
.65625 
.71875 
.78125 
.84375 
.90625 
.96875 



i . 

FT' 

b-r 
Jl - 
FT" 

*v 

11- 

84" 
L3.z 

b4 

lfi- 

6"4" 

**= 

lii- 
FT" 

2 1 - 

FT _ 

23.: 

Si 

2.5.: 

64 



64" 
31- 
b4" 



:. 015625 
:. 046875 
= . 078125 
= . 109375 
:. 140625 
.171875 
.203125 
.234375 
.265625 
.296875 
.328125 
.359375 
.390625 
.421875 
.453125 
.484375 



ff =.5 15625 
§£-=.546875 



$t=. 609375 
jU = . 640625 
43= . 671875 
£5 = . 703125 
££===.734375 
£2=. 765625 
il=. 796875 
% !=. 828125 
££=.859375 
|x=. 890625 
§£=. 921875 
fe=. 953125 
ff=. 984375 



TABLE OF DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS 
OF MILLIMETERS AND FRACTIONS OF MILLIMETERS, 

FOR W»I IN CONNECTION WITH 






fV= 



mm. Inches:. 

^-=.00079 
.00157 
.00236 
.00315 
.00394 
.00472 
.00551 
.00630 
.00709 
.00787 
.00866 
.00945 
.01024 
.01102 
.01181 
.01260 
.01339 
.01417 
.01496 



6 

_5_ 
60 

A= 

_L — 

50 

-8.= 
60 

S_ — 

50 

H= 

ii — 

5 
li. — 

6 

13= 

5 

14=: 

60 

15.= 
5 

1£= 
50 

u= 

1 8 

50 

±9 

FF — 



mm. Inches. 

01575 
01654 
01732 
01811 
01890 
01969 
02047 
02126 
02205 
02283 
02362 
02441 
02520 
02598 
02677 
02756 
02835 
02913 
02992 



2.0 

6 

2 1 

5 

2 2 

FF — 
23. — 

5 

2 4 

50 

25 

5 

2Ji 

5 

2JL 

5 ' 

2.5. 

5 ' 

2H 

o o — ■ 
2Q = 
i 

!»o 

Lo 

3JL= 

5 

3J= 

5 

2A=z 

5 

31i = 

5 

31 — 

6 

3 8 

60 

10 mm. = 
10 cm. = 
10 dm. = 
25.4 mm. 



mm. Inches. 

£8=. 03071 
*{>=.0;ii50 
£J=. 03228 

f$=. 03307 

£§=.. 03386 

1- $ =.03465 

$$=. 03543 

U=- 03622 

4-7 = .03701 

jff=. 03780 

±$=.03858 

1=. 03937 

2=. 07874 

3=. 11811 

4= . 15748 

5=. 19685 

6=. 23622 

7=. 27559 

8=. 31496 



mm. Inches. 



9= 
10= 
11 = 
12= 
13= 
14= 
15= 
16= 
17= 
18= 
19= 
20= 
21= 
22= 
23= 
24= 
25= 
26=1 



.35433 
.39370 
.43307 
.47244 
.51181 
.55118 
.59055 
.62992 
.66929 
. 70866 
.74803 
.78740 
.82677 
.86614 
.90551 
.94488 
.98425 
.02362 



1 Centimeter = 0.3937 inches 
1 Decimeter = 3.937 •• 
1 Meter = 39.37 " 

= 1 English Inch, 



59 



SPECIAL NOTICE TO THE TRADE. 



EIIIO FIRE PSE (SOPH! 

I 3 Barclay Street, New York. 

MANUFACTUKEBS OF 

Seamless Cotton and Mildew-Proof, Rubber Lined 

"EUREKA GARDEN HOSE " 




This Company for the season's trade in Garden Hose invites the especial attention 

of dealers, and solicits their orders for our products of Hose for Household purposes. This 

Hose is known as the Enreka Garden Hose, which we have greatly improved in 

appearance and weaving — unequalled by any and the very 

best Hose in the market. 

EUREKA GARDEN HOSE SELLS ON SIGHT. 

It is superior to the best Rubber Hose for durability and strength. It is Mildew-Proof and will 
stand over 500 lbs. pressure per square inch and outlasts Rubber-Hose many times over. 

EXPOSE IT TO DRY AFTER USE, 

thrugh it may be soaked every time it is used ; having no outside covering to imprison the 
moisture, will, if given a fair chance, dry immediately, no gas is generated and the cotton is 
uninjured. This is a proven fact in fire departments, where our rubber-lined Cotton-Hose has 
been known to outlast all others many years. After use do not reel up wet, but pnt this Hose 
in the sun where it can dry and it will last many years. Once handled by the trade and used 
by the consumer, it has given the highest satisfaction to both parties. 

THE EUREKA GARDEN HOSE 

cannot be injured by exposure to sun, same as Rubber Hose. 

IF RICE LIST : 

% Inch Eureka Garden Hose 20 Cents per Foot. 

a/ < < (< u t< 05 " " " 

i cc (< a a or a a a 

SIESTID FOR SAMPLES. 
Subject to Liberal Discount to the Trade. Couplings attached and 
Pipes Furnished ichen Required. 

SPECIAL NOTICE:: 

For tho past ten years we have had this brand of Hose in the market, which has proven a 
Great Success, Millions of Feet Being Sold. 

The Success of the Eureka Fire Hose Company's Garden Hose is due to the fact of the ex- 
cellence of the material used in the manufacture, and also to its being treated mildew-proof, 
which is of vital importance to the success and durability of Cotton-Hose. 

The Insure getting a Perfect Garden Hose, see that each length bears the brand of 

E-Lirolsa, 0-axd.erL X=C©se. 

Respectfully, EUREKA FIRE HOSE CO. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



PERKINS HORSE SHOES. 



"Weight ex 


pressed in 


ounces. 








Front Shoes, No. 



13 


1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 




15 
17 
19 

1 


17 
20 
22 


21 
24 
27 


24 

28 
32 


29 
34 
36 


35 

38 
41 


49 










54 






Hind Shoes, No.. 





2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 




10 


12 
14 
14 


15 
16 

17 


18 
20 

21 


22 
24 
25 


26 

28 
30 


31 
33 
34 


38 










43 






Mule, No 


1 
10 


2 
12 


3 
15 


4 

18 


5 
22 


6 
25 


7 
29 











"Ausable" Horse Shoe Nails. 

STANDAED SIZES. 



No 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


12 






Length in inches. 
Number in pound 


If 
276 


Hi 

168 


138 


H 

110 


7 • 

^1 6 

96 


9 9 

80 


2tt 
73 


57 



WEIGHT OF IRON TIRE 


—Per Set of 54 feet. 


Size. 


Lbs. 


Size. 


Lbs. 


Size. 


Lbs. 


1 xiV 


34 


X4.X. 4 


56 


1 Wi 
x 2 x 8 


169 


1 x± 


45 


1 -W-4 . 

1 4 x l 6 


70 




148 


1 x-i% 


56 


x 4 x a 


85 




183 


1 xf 


68 


x 4 x l6 


99 


X 4 X 2 


158 


1M 


50 


1 4 X 2 


113 


X 4 X 8 


197 


1 1y-S- 


63 


x«X « 


93 


Ifxf 


236 


1 8 i 8 


75 


13-y 4 

X 8 X Tf 


124 


2 x£ 


180 


X 8 X 1 6 


88 


X2 i X 


101 


2 xg 


225 


1 8 i 2 


101 


1 ivi 

X 2 X 2 


135 


2 xf 


270 



WEIGHT OF STEEL TIRE.- 


Per Set of 54 feet. 




Size. 


Lbs. 


Size. 


Lbs. 


Size. 


Lbs. 


Size. 


Lbs. 


Size. 


Lbs. 


ihr-X 

8-M 6 


n 


fafc 


HI 


ivi 
a- 4 - 8 


15} 


8 X 16 


22f 


£x& 


35i 


3-7-3.- 

4 X 32 


13i 


4 i 8 


18 


3 Y -£- 
4 i 3<J 


22 


fxA 


27 


3-jr 4- 

4 X 4 


35i 


t*& 


15i 


8 X 8 


20i 


8 i 32 


25 


**Ar 


m 


I. T 1 
8*- 4 


40± 


1 x* 


23if 


1 Y-&- 
XX 32 


29£ 


l*fir 


35i 


1 x& 


42£ 


1 x} 


474 


IxA- 


58^ 


1iY-3, 


40i 


Hxi 


54 


1 J-Y- 5 - 


67± 


X 8 A 8 


81 


Hxi 


59 


X 4 X 1 6 


74 


x 4 x 8 


884 


X 8 X 8 


98 


Hx* 


107 


1WV 


124 


Hxi 


142 


l*x± 


154 


U** 


165 


2 x± 


190 



Have a clean fire, and weld with equal parts of Borax, Salt and Sand. 



61 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Standard Sizes of Circular Saw Mandrels. 



No. 


u 
<o 

CD 

a 

P 


1— t 

"3 

o 


o 

© 
o 

e3 
PR 


Pi 

Ah 


-*-s 

a 

03 
P 


bo 
i— i 

PR 
«w 
O 


«4-l 

o 

•s 

© 

h3 


03 

02 


Diameter 
of Shaft. 


Size of 

Hole 

in Saw. 


1 


2* 


ins. 


3i 


ins. 


2h 


ins. 


14 


ins. 


1 1-16 in 


1 in. 


2 


3 




,/ 


<< 


3 


<< 


16 


<< 


1 3 16 " 


H u 


3 


81 


<( 


H 


u 


3* 


<< 


18 


<( 


1 5-16 " 


H " 


4 


4 


(< 


5 


" 


4 


<( 


20 


a 


1 7-16 " 


1 5-16 " 


5 


4£ 


u 


5£ 


(( 


H 


n 


22 


(< 


1 7-16 " 


I 5-16 " 


6 


5 


(( 


6 


« 


5 


n 


24 


(< 


1 7-16 " 


14 « 


7 


5£ 


u 


6| 


(( 


5* 


<< 


26 


<( 


1 7-16 " 


If 


8 


6 


(< 


7 


«< 


6 


it 


28 


<< 


1 9-16 " 


H 


9 


7 


(( 


8 


i« 


6 


n 


32 


<< 


1 11-16'* 


if " 


10 


8 


<( 


8 


(( 


6 


n 


36 


" 


1 13-16" 


If " 



When Ordering Circular Saws, 

The following directions should be explicitly given 

Diameter of Saw in inches. 

Thickness (or Gauge) of Saw at Rim. 

Thickness (or Gauge) of Saw at Centre. 

Log side, right or left hand, saw cutting towards you. 

Number of Teeth in Saw. 

Kind and number of Tooth. 

Size of mandrel hole. 

Size of pin hole. 

Distance between pin holes from centre to centre. 



Standard Gauges for Circular and Mill Saws. 



Gauge. 
No. 4, 



6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 



i 

4 

7-32 
3-16 
3-16 
5-32 
5-32 

1 

a 



inch, scant. 

" full. 
'* scant. 

' ' scant. 
" full. 



Gauge. 
No. 11., 

" 12.. 

" 13.. 

•' 14.. 

" 15. 

" 16.. 



i. 

8 

3-32 
3-32 
5-64 
5-64 
1-16 



inch. 



scant. 

full, 
scant. 

full, 
scant. 

full. 



63 



PATENT STEEL DOOR HANGER. 



The most perfect Anti-Friction 




Market, 



BECAUSE 

It is made of 
steel through- 
out, except the 
wheel, which 
has a eteel axle, 
Itwillnotbreak 
It is practically 
free from wear, 
It is almost 
noiseless in ac- 
tion. It re- 
quires no oil. 
] t has a broad 
bearing on the 
door and keeps 
in line. It is 
by far tbe most 
durable. It may 
be used with 
any track. It 
is always in 
order. 



LANE'S IPATEISTT TIRAOK. 

Is made of steel and is easily put in position. Catches and holds no snow or ice. 
Door hung thereon cannot jump the track. Is not subject to decay. Requires no 
fitting, but i i ready at once. May be used with hangers of other manufacture. 



LANE'S MEASURING FAUCET. 

PRICE, $3.00. 

For Light or Heavy Molasses, Oils, Varnishes or other Fluids. 



We warrant these Faucets to 
to be as represented, measuring 
correctly and working more eas- 
ilyin heavy molasses than any 
JVI easuringFaucet in the market. 
No grocer can afford to be with- 
out them, for they save time, 
and "time is money." iThey in- 
sure perfect cleanliness, requir- 
ing no tin measures or funnel to 
collect dirt and draw flies. They 
do not drip. They prevent all 
waste, as no molasses or other 
fluid can pass except when the 
crank is turned. They are the 
embodiment of simplicity, and 
consequently they are always in 
order. They work easily in the 
heaviest molasses. They are war- 
ranted to measure correctly, ac- 
cording to U. S. Standard. 




Manufactured Exclusively by 

l-AITE BROS-, Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 

GENERAL AGENCY, 

JOHN H. GRAHAM & CO., 113 Chambers St., New York. . 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Standard Length of Cut of Hatchets and 
Bench Axes. 





r-< 


2 


1 3 






H 


| 4f inches. 


Claw 


1 3* 


3| 


1 4| inchts. 








Half 


........ | H 


8* 


| 4f inches. 




i n 


n 


| 3 inches. 



No 


1 1 


2 


3 


4 | 5 


| 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 




.... |3| 


H 


5 


5ft | 6 


1 6f | 7£ | 8i | 9 inches. 



Weights of Washoe (Adz Eye) Picks. 



KAILKOAD PICKS. 







1 1 


2 


1 3 | 4 | 


5 


1 


6 


1 7 


1 8 


Weight... 




1 5 1 


H 


| 6 | 6A- | 


7 


1 


n 


1 8. 


| 8f lbs. 






MINING OK DRIFTING PICKS. 








Nos | 


1 


1 2 | 


3 


| 4 | 5 | 


6 


1 


7 


! 8 


1 9 


Weight | 


3 


1 H ! 


4 


1 Hi 5 I 


H 


1 


6 


1 H 


| 7 lbs. 


POLL PICKS. 


Nos | 


1 


1 2 | 


3 


| 4 | 5 | 


6 


1 


7 


1 8 


1 <J 


Weight | 


3i 
°2 


4 I 


4* 


1 -6 I 5£ I 


6 


1 


6£ 


1 7 


| 7£ lbs. 


COAL PICKS. 






1 1 


| 


2 | 3 


1 


4 


1 


5 


I 6 






1 H 


1 


4 I 4* 


1 


5 


1 


6 


! 6 k lbs. 



Coes' (Genuine) Wrenches. 



WILL TAKE NUTS OF THE FOLLOWING SIZES 



Size of Wrench 


4 | 6 | 8' | 10 "| 12 | 15 | 18 j* SSI in. 


Size of Nuts.... 


± 1 *. 1 1*1 lfl 2*| 2&| 3 | 4£in. 


Cast Steel Crowbars, 




..Inches | |,| f j 1 | lf|- lij If | 14 




. ...Lbs. | 6 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 17 | 22 j 26 



Usual Length Inches | 44 | 48 | 52 | 55 | 58 [ G6 | 72 



65 



"WESTERN" FILES 

f 

BEST CAST STEEL FILES, 

WARRANTED TO BE UNEQUALLED IN THE MARKET, 

FOE SALE BY 
THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA. 



P 




All Descriptions of Files 



MADE TO ORDER. 



WESTERN FILE CO., Limited. 

BEAVER FALLS, 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



CO 

w 
FJ 

6 
r>.. *s 

F™ ^ 05 

<=> 2 

F™^ 03 

(S3 5 

CO § 

.a 

Q * 
OS | 

^** m 

Q ^ 

p^»» w 
F^ <* 

<f 

co S 

08 

cd • 

^^ to 
^^ p 
►■H X 

o 

w 






a a a a a a a 

•pH "PH .pH .1-1 «pH .pH «i-l 

xxxxxxx 

W|00j»iC(S«H<NHe»*!8»''5|» 






.9.9.9.9.9 .9.9.9 

XXXXX XXX 



jaduj, 
TORS 


d d d d jA d d d d 


' S9 IJ£ 
led^ 


dddddddda 

* N N' .l l »' W|0O.-fl|5> ^'(C iC|<S -t|(N 'tcops 






d a a d d d a 

•rH 'i-l .pH "rl »i-4 "pH >p4 

*V c b-^ e v*1wH'M-tf 
XXXXXXX 



•axenbg 

pax? 
putiog; 



d d a d d d d d d d d d d d 

• rl •!-! >rt .r-l "PH "PH "PH •!-( • 1-1 »P-I • fH • pH • PH • l-t 

Hop Js* ^CO J(MpHlTJl o .]N if J!C«|a0 lr , «D-H|<M a ]'C'Ola0HS»»|-* 



«E «£ 



•putiog. 



a d d dddddddddda 

• pH "PH .pH «FH .i-1 .1-1 .pH .1-1 •!-! .pH «l-l •!-! .pH .pH 

-J-m Jw ^.te.-sl^icj-t 'm. -So— In mIm Iio^m 

"|» Ha ^ w i— .fc-.fo-H|^ a !« 1 ,c |rHH«nlaoH«> t i — |w 

X X X xxxxxxxxxxx 



•pn^H 



ddddddddddd 



Mf 



J* toed-* *» _ , e»ssH' 1 _toH9» w|>J.to 

XXX xxxxxxxxxxx 

jj-i -in c|» «H<«fcH<» M j N e pi»H*H^^H<N .to 



'^LI 



ddddddddddd 



"V *fa -w «,««(—. pe H ( wH-* a fe-lto' e i-H»Ml»-i« 

XXX xxxxxxxxxxx 






•q^Suarj 



9- 

o d 

d d d d d d d d d d d 



!r-i |to ^« — iw—ix^-jn— po |— —|» ™«— po_|Tt ,«— te 

XXX xxxxxxxxxxx 

H£ ,J<o p«« «d»n|^e*5H* «&ci| -l ,, H«J»-l« 



dddddddddddddddda 

• rH .rH »rH »r-4 • fH "rH »pM •»-( • rH »rH »pH »pH »rH tpH «rH »rH •fH 



<u o 



«w d 

O 03 

C3 ^ 

rrjj >» 



«3 a> 
«*-• a 

03 ^ 

of o oo 

^-aii 
u o o 

0J co ,d 

CO PH co 

s si's 

5-j fH 

d d &0 

£ rr! a 

o a 13 

a 5 9 
o o o 

O ^ Oh 
CO © § 

a^° S 
9 o ft 



5,3 

2 03 

ft 



CD 

'^pd 



a M a 

C3 p!4 



SB'S o 

5r) <^ d 

03 10 " 

S d >> 

a- ~ 

o g o 

© d ps 
d. 



00 



03 



is, a 



H co 

03 

d 

03 ^p« 

•-• isj .a 

o © g 
^ oa . 



HpT'^ 

59 *a d 
•d «h .a 



dM 



O 03 



67 




I 



Established 1854. Centennial Award 1876. 

KEYSTONE WORKS. 



George Griffiths. Louis Reichner, jr. 




MANUFACTURERS OF 

SOLID CAST STEEL 

kib, Spades aid Seoops 



-AND- 



DRAINAGE TOOLS. 

Quality and Finish Guaranteed. 

All Qualities Socket Strap Shov- 
els, Spades and Scoops. 
WE MAKE DRAI N CLEAN ERS, ALL SIZES. 

We have reduced prices on 

Cast Steel Wire Potato Scoops. 

$12 PER DOZEN NET. 

Malleable Iron Screening Scoops. 

$15 PER DOZEN NET. 

Shovel, Spade and Fork Handles, Coal Hods, 
Well Buckets, Chamber Pails, Ash Cans 
and Ash Barrels, Stove Shovels, 
Pokers, Pans, etc., all at 

LOWEST MARKET PRICES. 

1 511, 513 and 515 Locust Street, 

PHILADELPHIA, Pa., U.S.A. 

SEND FOR PRICE LIST. 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Molasses Gates. 



No.... 


1 1 | 2 |' 3 | 4 | 


5 


Inside Diameter | 13-16 % 1% 1% 


IK 




1 i : 1H 1 1% | m | 


1 13-16 




John Wilson's English Butcher Knives 

LENGTH OP BLADE OF EACH NO. 


■ 


No.... 


| 026 | 26 | 2T | 28 | 29 | 30 




Length 


| 4* | 5 | 5% | 5% | 6 | 6X 


inches. 


No.... 


. | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 


86 


Length 


. | 7 | S | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 


14 ins. 


Eley Bros.' (" E. B.") Percussion Caps 

ARE NUMBERED IN THIS MANNER : 


Smallest.. | No. | 9 | 24 | 10 | 11 | 18 | 13 | 13 | 14 | ..] 


Largest . 


English Gun Gauge. 

SIZES EXPRESSED IN PARTS OF AN INCH. 


Number. 


Bore . . 


| 5 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 11 | 15 | 19 | 25 | 36 | 52 | 90 | 


140 | 3oO 


Inch . . 


| . 1 1 15-16 | % | 13-16 | X | 11-16 | % | 9-16 | # | 7-16 | % | 5 


-16 | X 



The Sizes of Skates 

COMPARE WITH SIZES OF SHOES AS FOLLOWS 



Skates 


Inches.. | 7 | 


1% | 8 


1 8K | 


9 1 


9K | 10 | 10K | 


11 


|HK 


Shoes, 


No |9* | 


11 | 12K 


1 1 1 


2H I 


4 | 6X | 7% | 


9 


I10K 


Plate and Bedstead Casters. 

SIZE, IN INCHES, OF WHEELS OF EACH. 




No | 1 


1 2 | 


3 I 


4 


5 | 6 | 
1% | 17-16| 


7 






1 % 


1 1 1 


IK I 


l x 4 


IK 




Bedstead, Old No. | lfc.O 


11^.1] 


1&.2 | 2in0 


2inl | 2 in 2 | 


2 in I 
107 


ieavy. 




New" | 101 


1 102 | 


103 | 


104 


| 105 | 101 | 






1 1% 


1 1^ 1 


IK | 


1% 


Itf 1 2 | 


2)4 





Hatter's Size Measure. 

To obtain the correct size cf the head, use a strip of paper — newspaper 
will ao. Draw it tightly arom.d the largest part of the head, and have the 
end3 just meet. Then measure tlae length of the paper and the figures be- 
low will give you the size according to hatter's measure. An eighth of an 
inch either way will make no difference. These measures will answor for 
any style of hat or cap made : 



18K inches is 5% 



19 
19 % 
19 X 

20^ 

vox 

21 

21* 

21% 



.6 

.6% 

• 6M 

• 6% 

• 6K 

• 6K 
.6X 

• 6% 



22 it inches is 7 



22^ 

23 

23% 

23 X 

24 

24K 

25 

25# 



.IX 

■ IVa. 

.1% 
.IK 
.1% 

■ 7% 



69 



TBAVEBS BBOTHfiHS, 

107 DUANE ST., AND 16 THOMAS ST., 

MANUFACTURERS AND SOLE ACENTS FOR 





BRAIDED EDGE 

MEXICAN HAMMOCKS. 

Peerless Hammock Spreaders. 

ANCHOR HAMMOCK ROPES. 

Liberty lis Twines m Ms. 

BUXOM HILLS TWINES AND CORDS, 
[i 







GEM SEA ISLAND AND COTTON TWINES. 

PEERLESS HAMIWQGK HOOKS. 

AGENTS FOR 

THE SILVER LAKE COMPANY'S 

SOLID BRAIDED 




Office and Salesrooms, 
107 DUANE STREET AND 16 THOMAS STREET, 

NEW YORK CITY. 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



PROPORTIONS FOR UNITED STATES 

STANDARD SCREW THREADS AND NUTS. 

From Hoopes & Townsend. 



Diana. 


Thr'ads 


Diamet'r 










of 


per 


at root of 


Short 


Long 


Long 


Thick- 


Screw. 


inch. 


Thread. 


Diame'tr 


Diamet'r 


Diamet'r 


ness. 


i 

4 


20 


.185 


t 


2.1. 
64 


7 
10 


i 

4 


to 


18 


.240 


32 


11 

1 6 


1 o 

if 


16 


3 


16 


.294 


li_ 

re 


5.1 
64 


64 


8 


7 
16 


14 


.344 


25 
32 


9 
10" 


1JL 

■M>4 


7 

16 


1 
2 


13 


.400 


7 
8 


1 


1 13. 


* 


9 
"16 


12 


.454 


2.1. 
3 2 


1* 


if! 


9 

T6 


5 

8 


11 


.507 


i-iV 


i* 


l* 


5 

8 


3 

4 


10 


.620 


H 


1.1. 

x 16 


149 
■ L 64 


3 

4 


7 
8 


9 


.731 


W 


12JL 
A 3 2 


9-1- 

^3 2 


7 

8 


1 


8 


.837 




If 


Ol 9 

^64 


1 


1* 


7 


.940 


113 
X 16 


2- 3 %- 


^16 


1* 


1* 


7 


1.065 


2 


2ur 


05.3. 
^64 


lj 


If 


6 


1.160 


O 3. 
«16 


nl 7 
^32 


«*32 


H 


1* 


6 


1.284 


2f 


2f 


Q23 
°64 


n 


If 


6* 


1.389 


9-S- 
^16 


Oil 

*32 




n 


If ■ 


5 


1.491 


9} 


3-3- 

°16 


OS 7 

°64 


if 


I 7 - 


5 


1.616 


Ol5 
«T6 


012. 
°3 2 


4 £. 

*32 


i 7 


2 


** 


1.712 


3i 


3f 


4H 


2 


at 


** 


1.962 


3i 


*Ar 


4|i 


2± 


2£ 


4 


2.176 


3|r 


±* 


5fi 


2* 


2} 


4 


2.426 


*4 


4f| 


6 


2| 


3 


3* 


2.629 


*8 


5| 


6il- 


3 


3-1 


3^ 


2.879 


5 


cl 3 
°T6~ 


7-1- 

' 1 6 


3i 


3i 


3i 


3.100 


6f 


6- 6 \- 


7-3. 3. 
<64 


3* 


3f 


3 


3.317 


6} 


Hk 


8* 


3| 


4 


3 


3.567 


. 6J- 


7-3- 
•32 


8H 


4 



BLOCK TIN PIPE. 








Wt.perft 


CALIBEK. 


Wt. per ft 


CALIBER. 


LBS. 


oz. 

2| 

5 

6 

6 

8 

H 

10 


LBS. 


OZ. 


# in. strong 


^ in. double ex-strong 
f in. ex-strong 


15 






9 


double ex-strong. 
ff; in. dou'le ex-strong 




double ex-strong .... 




14 


f in. ex-strong 




11 


double ex-strong .... 

1 in. double ex-strong 

double ex-strong.... 


1 
1 





double ex-strong.. 




14 
4 



















CAST IRON BALLS.-WEICHT. 



2 

2f 
3 

H 

4 



in. diam. 
in. diam. 
in. diam. 
in. diam. 
in. diam. 



LBS. 

1.09 
2.13 

3.68 
5.84 
8.73 



4^ in. diam , 

5 in. diam , 
5^- in. diam , 

6 in. diam . 



LBS. 

12.42 
17.04 

22.68 
29.48 



6^ in. diam. 

7 in. diam. 
7|- in. diam. 

8 in. diam. 



LBS. 

37.44 
46.76 
57.52 
69.81 



71 



QUEEN ANNE SCREEN CO., 

BURLINGTON, VERMONT, 

MANUFACTURERS OF THE 




The Side Sticks are £x2 inches. 



This is a new departure in adjustable- 
screens and is free from many objections 
found in others. It is the only doilble- 
face Screen, and equally well finished 
on both sides. It has a box panel, and 
can be adjusted without the friction no- 
ticeable in all other adjustable screens. 

They are made of Pine and Bass 
Wood stained in imitation of Black 
Walnut, with thimbles on one side. 

Or made of Maple or Birch stained in 
imitation of Black Walnut, finished in 
hard oil or shellac, with lifts and face 
plates. 

Also stained in imitation of Cherry 
or Natural Wood and cabinet finished, 
with lifts and face plates. 



End l|xl 



inch. Stained in imitation of Black Walnut. 

Each Set is composed of Frame Slide and 
Strips to tack over wire. 

These Frames are beaded and are slit 6 inches 
on one end to facilitate fitting to any window, 
by cutting if necessary. 

These Sides are grooved the entire length, 
doing away with necessity of cutting grooves 
in end of top and bottom Sticks as in other 
makes. 

Corners and Ms, for Windows and Doors. 

Queen Anne Screen Co., 

BURLINGTON, VERMONT. 

GENERAL AGENTS: 

JOHN H. GRAM & CO., 113 Chambers St., New York. 





HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



TABLE 



SHOWING THE AVERAGE NUMBEB OF COLD PRESSED NTJTS 
150 LBS EACH, SQUARE AND HEXAGON, OF STANDARD 

As adopted by " The Association of Bolt and Nut Manufacturers of 



IN A KEG. 
SIZES, 

the U. S." 



Width. 


Thickness. 


Hole. 


Bolt. 


No. of 
Square. 


No. of 
Hexagon 


11-32 


5-32 


3-32 


1-8 


45,000 




13-32 


3-16 


5-32 


3-16 


22,500 




1-2 


1-4 


7-32 


1-4 


10,000 


10,500 


5-8 


5-16 


9-32 


5-16 


5,106 


6,666 


3-4 


3-8 


11-32 


3-8 


- 2,727 


4,528 


7-8 


7-16 


13-32 


7-16 


1,904 


2,057 


7-8 


1-2 


7-16 
7-16 


1-2 


1,695 


1,890 


i 


1-2 


1-2 


1,218 


1,538 


1 1-8 


1-2 


1-2 


4-16 


1,016 


1,245 


1 1-8 


.5-8 


9-16 


5-8 


885 


957 


1 1-4 


5-8 


9-16 


5-8 


638 


740 


1 3-8 


3-4 


21-32 
21-32 


3-4 


450 


555 


1 1-2 


3-4 


3-4 


368 


430 


1 5-8 


7-8 


25-32 


7-8 


260 


270 


1 3-4 


7-8 


25-32 


7-8 


243 


252 


1 3-4 


1 


7-8 


1 


249 


257 


2 


1 


7-8 


1 


163 


204 


2 


1 1-8 


15-16 


1 1-8 


143 


168 


2 1-4 


1 1-8 
1 3-8 


15-16 


1 1-8 


109 


150 


2 1-4 


1 1-16 


1 3-8 


85 


120 


2 1-2 


1 1-4 


1 1-16 


1 1-4 


81 


93 


2 3-4 


1 3-8 


1 3-16 
1 5-16 


1 3-8 


55 


60 


O 


1 1-2 


11-2 


51 


56 


3 1-4 


1 5-8 


1 7-16 


15-8 


39 
32 


44 


3 1-2 


1 3-4 


1 9-16 


1 3-4 


35 


• 3-4 


1 7-8 


1 11-16 


1 7-8 


28 


30 


■f 


2 


1 13-16 


2 


20 


22 



TAPER AND PLUG TAPS. 

Standard Number of Threads to the Inch. 



Size. 
















Inches. 








BIGHT 


HAND 




LEFT HAND. 


i 










30 


32 










^3_ 








24 


26 


28 










i 






16 


18 


20 


22 


24 


26 






IB 




14 


16 


18 


20 


22 










3 


12 


14 


16 


18 


20 












f 


10 


12 


14 


16 


18 








14 




1 


10 


12 


14 


16 


18 








12 


14 


9 




12 


14 












12 






10 


11 


12 


14 


16 








10 


12 


I 


7 


8 


9 


10 


12 


14 






10 


12 


7 


8 


9 


10 












9 




1 


7 


8 


9 


10 










8 


9 


Vk 


6 


7 


8 


9 










8 


9 


u 


6 


7 


8 












6 


7.8 



73 



CL 3F. GTOTTOIfcT ds CO.. 
99 Reade Street, New York* 

Sole Agents for Middle and Southern States for 



NASHUA LOCK CO. 
LOCKWOOD MANUF'C CO. 
H. B. IVES & CO. 
SOUTHWARK SCALE CO. 
DIBBLE MANUF'C CO. 
N. E. BUTT CO. 
WOODROUCH & CLEMSON. 



ARCADE FILE WORKS. 

A. C. PECK & CO. 

HENRY CHENEY HAMMER CO. 

W. HICHTON & SON. 

C. J. KIMBALL & SON. 

ELWELL Sl DOTY. 

CORYELL FLINT PAPER CO. 



And carrying a full line of Goods manufactured by 

THE PENN HARDWARE CO. 

Also Representatives of American Screw Co. 



IT WILL PAY YOU 

To send for our Illustrated Catalogue of 

XjfarifDfltF #|ifrifl!fe, 

POST-HOLE DIGGERS, 

I EXTENSION STEP LADDERS, TREE PROTECTORS 

BOYS' VELOCIPEDES. 

We also manufacture the best line of 

SULKY HAY RAKES, HIT TEDDERS AND POTATO DIGGERS 

The Chieftain Hay Rake Co., 

OFFICE AND WORKS, P.O. BOX207, 

188 TO 108 EAST TUSCAROWAS ST., CANTON, OHIO. 




I H OPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



TABLE 

Showing 1 the Average Number of Washers in a 
Keg of 150 Pounds, of Each Standard Size. 



AS ADOPTED BY 



The Association of Bolt and Nut Manufacturers of the 
United States." 



Diameter. 


Size of 


Thicknes 


Size of Bolt 


No. in 150 - 




Hole. 


Wire Gauge. 




pounds. 


i 

o 


i 

4 


No. 18 


3 
Hi 


80,000 


8 


ri> 


u 16 


1 
4 


34,285 


3 

4 


5. 
"1 6 


" 16 


1 
4 


22,000 


7 
8 


8 


" 16 


n 
1 6" 


18,500 


1 


.7.. 

1 6 


" 14 


3 

8 


10,550 


H . 


1 
2 


" 14 


7 

16 


7,500 


if 


Ttj 


11 12 


1 
•> 


4,500 


H 


5. 

8 


« 12 


9 
. "16 


3,850 


If 


tt 


" 10 


8 


2,500 


2 


if 


" 10 


3 
4 


1,600 


a* 


15 

16 


" 9 


7 
8 


1,300 


H 


i-A- 


" 9 


1 


950 


93. 

"4 


If 


" 9 


1* 


700 


3 


" 9 


H 


550 


3| 


H 


" 9 


if 


450 



Standard Sizes of Heads for Bolts. 

















Countersunk 


Diam. 
of 


Square 


Head. 


HexagouHead 


Button Head. 


Head. 


Bolt. 


WIDE. 


THICK. 


WIDE. 


THICK. 


WIDE. 


THICK. 


WIDE. 


THICK 




7 


3 


7 


1 


1 1 


5 


i 


.3 




16 


16 


16 


4 


16 


.J 2 


2 


16 




1 


1 


1 


3 


.1 3 


.T 


5 


1 


1 1> 


2 


4 




16 


16 


3 2 


8 


4 




o 


5 


5 


:i 


7 


1 


1 1 


1 




8, 


1 6 


8 


8 


8 


4 


16 


4 


7 
16 


1 6 


3 

8, 


J I 

TB 


7 

16 


1 


1 
4 


3 

4 


1 

4 


1 

•7 


1 : i 
T6 


7 
T6 


1 3 
16 • 


1 
2 


1* 


16 


7 

?5 
T5 


1 
4 


9 
"1 6" 


7 
8 


£ 


7 
8 


"16" 


1* 


U)" 


16 


■>T 


1 


1 


1 


o 

8 


H 


7 
16 


1* 


16 


4 


1* 


5 

8 


ltV 


3 

4 


if 


1 
2 


If 


a. 

8 


7 

8 

1 


If 


3 

8 


lt 

J-I 6 


7 
8 

1 


i| 

2£ 


8" 
5, 
4 


if 


a. 

8 


n 


If 


1 


ltt 


1* 










i* 


If 


H 


lit 


H 











75 



j^r_SB 





THE PUBLISHERS 

having made every effort to make this Book an acceptable gift to 

the Dealer to whom it is sent, would be pleased to receive 

a Postal Card acknowledgment of its having 

safely arrived. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



APPROXIMATE WEIGHTS OF STRAP ASD T HINGES, 

'.Veight per dozen. Furnished by Stanley Works. 
HEAVY STRAP HINGES. 



Size.... 


4 


5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 


1 14 


16 


ins. 


Weight. 


6% 


10 -v | 19 J$ | 32^ | 55^ | 74* 


I 89^ 


108* 


| lbs. 


EXTRA HEAVY T HINGES. 


Size 




... | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 


14 | 


16 | 


JUS. 


Weight . 




. ... | 2Q% | 34 X| 54 | 78 


83id 


87% I 


lbs. 



STRAP AND T HINGES ARE COUNTERSUNK FOR SCREWS. 






1 


3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 | 16 


18 


Light Strap . . 


Size Screws 


6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 13 | 13 




Heavy Strap 


.. 


| 9 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 16 




Light T 


u 


7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 9 J 10 | 11 | 12 | 




Heavy T 


! 


| | | 9 I 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 13 


13 


Extra Heavy T . . 


! 


| | 10 | 11 | 13 | 14 | 16 | 16 | 16 




Hinge Hhsds 


! 


6 | 7 | | 9 |10 | 10| 12| | | 





WROUGHT BUTTS— Countersunk fop Screws. 

TABLE BUTTS AND BACK FLAPS. 



Inches . . .-. 


1 % I 1 |1>8 |1* |1% |1* |1* |1* \VA 1 2 


Size Screw 


| 6 |6|7|7|7|SjS|9|9|9 




NARROW WROUGHT BUTTS. 


Inches. . | 1 


1 lfc 1 1* 1 IX 1 2 I 23€ 1 2J$ | 2% | 3 | 33^ | 3^ | 3% | 4 | 4* | 5 | 5* | 6 


Screws. . | 5 


1 6| 7| 7 | 8| 8| 9 ' 9 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 1 12 I 14 I 14 I 14 I 14 


LIGHT NARROW AND LIGHT LOOSE PIN. 




1*1 1 1 1* 1 1J6 1 1* 1 2 |2^|2*| 3 

|2|3|3|5|5|6|6|6|7 



LOOSE PIN OR BROAD. 



Size. 



2x2 


2*x2* 


to 


to 


2*x2 


3x3 



3x3* 



3%x3 
to 

4*x4 



4*x4* 
to , 
5<4 



5x5 to 6x7 



Screws . 



10 



11 



I* 



13 



14 



CAST BUTTS 

ABE COUNTEB8UNK FOR SCBEWS AS FOLLOWS 
NARROW, FAST OR LOOSE JOINT. 





1 1*1 1*1 2 |2*|2fc | 3 J3#|3fc| 4 |4* | 5 | 6 


Screws 


I 6 | 7 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 12 J 14 | 12 


PARLIAMENT. 




I 2* to 3* 1 3&and4 | 4* to 7* | 8 and 8* 


Screw . 


1 8 | 10 | 11 13 


BROAD, FAST, AND LOOSE JOINT AND LOOSE PLN. 




1 2x2to2*x3 | 3x2^to3*x3X | 3*x4 




1 8 | 10 | 11 






.... | 3*x5 | 4x3 | 4x3*to4*x4* | 4*x5 and upwards 



Screw. 



I 10 I 10 I 



11 



13 



77 



C. P. LE6GETT MF6. CO. OF N. J, 

OFFICE AND FACTORY: 

201 to 207 East Jersey street, Elizabeth, N. J. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Porcelain, Jet and Wood 

:doo:e£ :g::fcTo:BS. 

No Lead or Cement Used in Fastening 
Shanks and Knobs. 

This is the only Kuob now on the market that can- 
not possibly become detached or come off without 
breaking the knob. Highly endorsed and sold by the 
leading Hardware Houses of the United States and 
Canada. 



COSTS NO MORE THAN ORDINARY KNOBS. 

ASK YOUR DEALER FOR IT AND TAKE NO OTHER. 

Price-Lists on Amplication. 

C. P. LECCETT MFC. CO. OF N.J 




jaiess w. auAOxr. j; 



!«ap 



MANUFACTURER OF 




and Roller S kates 



THE CZAR." 




SKATE STRAPS, TRIMMINGS, ETC., 

DOG COLLARS, 

And all Kinds of Leather Goods. 

NO. 75 CHAMBERS ST., - NEW YORK. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WROUGHT BRASS BUTTS. 

Width when Open, and Sizes of Screws Required. 





WIDTH OF BBASS BUTTS, WHEN OPEN. 










width | || jh || f 


|1* 

1 3 
1 4 


If 

1 7 

1 B 


|1* 

1 7 
1 H 


I 1^. 

i 8 

I • 7 - 
! 8 


[1| 

1 8 


Middle .. 


1 3. 1 3-1 3. 1 7. 

1 7. 1 7. 1 i 1 1 


1 * 
|1 


| 1 


| 1 


| 1 


1 




11* 


I'l* 


11* 


11* 


Desk 


1 1JL 1 13. 1 14 I 13 


111 


2 


|8* 


1 *>i 
1 "4 


1-2* 










Inches | l£ | 2 | 2\ \ 2h 


|2f 


3 


18* 


3^ 


... 


Narrow . 


Width | L | 1 | l£ | 1}- 


IM 


If 


|lf 


2 


... 


Middle . . 


1 1* 1 1* 1 1* 1 If 


|i* 


If 


1* 


2* 


... 




|i*IH|i*|i* 


|if 


111 


2 


\n 


.. 


Desk 


|2||3 | .. |... 


... 


... 


... | ... 


... 


BBASS 


BUTTS AT!E COUNTEBSUNK fob SCBEWS 


AS ] 


FOLLOWS 






Inch| *| || *|1 


i* 


1* 




i* 


If 


Narrow.. 


..Size of Screw | | 1 | 1 | 2 


2 


3 


4 


4 


4 




| | 1 | 1 | 2 


2 


3 


4 


4 


4 




| | 1 | 1 | 2 


2 


3 


4 


4 


4 


Desk 


| 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 


4 


4 


4 


5 


5 










Inch | If | 1| | 2 | 2\ 


9*1 


2*1 


3 


3*1 


3* 


Narrow.. 


. Size of Screw | 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 


6 


6 


7 


7 


8 


Middle . . 


| 4 | 5 | 5 | 5 


6 


6 


7 1 


7 


8 




| 4 15 | 5 | 5 


6 I 


7 


7 


7 


8 










| 6 | 6 | 7 | ... 




... 


... | ... 


... 


EMERY AND CORUNDUM 

ABE BANKED OH GBADED AS FOLLOWS : 



Nos. 8-10 Represents a Wood rasp. 



1G-20. 
24-30... 
36-40... 
46-60..., 
70-80... 
90-100.. 
120-FFF. 



Rough file. 
Middle cut file. 
Bastard cut file. 
Second cut file. 
Smooth cut file. 
Superfine cut file. 
Dead smooth file. 



Baeder & Adamson's Emery Paper and Cloth 

COMPABE WITH GBADE AS FOLLOWS : 



Nos. 



000 | 00 | 100 | £ | 1 | 1£ | 2 | 2£ | 3 



Emery.... | Crocus | Flour | 120 | 100 | 90 | 80 | 70 | 60 | 54 | 46 



79 



2v£©2*rT<3-o:fc*4::E]i3-sr «sc co., 

IMPORTERS OF 

Stubs' Files, Tools ani Steel 

GKOBET SWISS FILES, 

Chesterman's Measures, 

HUBERT'S FRENCH EMERY PAPER, 

HORSE SHOE MAGNETS, ETC. 

W. Smith & Son's Celebrated Music Wire. 

French Sheet Steel 3| in. Wide from 
4 to 65-Thousandths. 

Machinists', Silversmiths', Jewelers', Die Sinkers' and Sewing 

Machine Manufacturers' 

SUPPLIES. 

105 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK. 

GEO. W. MONTGOMERY. GEO. W. CHURCH. 




THE CARVER'S FRIEHD. 




SOLID EMERY KNIFE-SHARPENER. 

Acknowledged by everyone to be 

The VERY BEST AETIOLE OF ITS KIND in Use To-Day. 

A Pew Strokts will Give the Dullest Knife a Keen Edge, which Every 
Housekeeper will Appreciate. 

HANDY FOR THE TABLE OR KITCHEN USE. 

Made of the Best Turkish Emery, with a steel wire in the center, and will LAST FOR YEARS' 
The Discount to the Trade is LIBERAL. Sample sent on receipt of price. 

For a Fine Cocobola Handle, 85c; or with Applewood Handle, 60c, 

For sale by Jobbers generally throughout the United States. Mention this Book. 

W. H. PARKIN", 

11 South Water Street, CLEVELAND, O. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



DIFFERENT STANDARDS FOR WIRE GAUGE IN USE 
IN THE UNITED STATES. 



Dimensions of Sizes, in Decimal Parts of an Inch. 



Number of 
Wire Gauge. 


American, 

or Brown & 

Sharpe. 


Birming- 
ham, or 
Stubs's. 


. 1 Washb'n & 
£ | Moen Mfg. 
J Co.,Worces- 
1 ter, Mass. 


Trenton 
: 1 Iron Co., 
: Trenton, 
1 N.J. 


. 1 G. W. Pren- 
tiss, Hol- 
" J yoke, Mass. 


Old English 

from Brass 

1 Mfrs'. List. 


° 60 

gg 


000000 








000000 


00000 






.43 


.45 










00000 


0000 


.46 


.454 


.393 


4 










0000 


000 


.40964 


.425 


.362 


.36 


.3586 








000 


00 


.3648 


.38 


.331 


.33 


.3282 








00 





.32495 


.34 


.307 


.305 


.2994 











1 


.2893 


.3 


.283 


.285 


.2777 








1 


2 


.25763 


.284 


.263 


.265 


.2591 








2 


3 


1 .22942 


.259 


.244 


.245 


.2401 








3 


4 


.20431 


.238 


.225 


.225 


.223 








4 


5 


.18194 


.22 


.207 


.205 


.2047 








5 


6 


.16202 


.203 


.192 


.19 


.1885 








6 


7 


.14428 


.18 


.177 


.175 


.1758 








7 


8 


.12849 


.165 


.162 


.16 


.1605 








8 


9 


.11443 


.148 


.148 


.145 


.1471 








9 


10 


.10189 


.134 


.135 


.13 


.1351 








10 


11 


.090742 


.12 


.12 


.1175 


.1205 








11 


12 


.080808 


.109 


.105 


.105 


.1065 








12 


13 


.071961 


.095 


.092 


.0925 


.0928 








13 


14 


.064084 


.083 


.08 


.08 


.0816 


.083 


14 


15 


.057068 


.072 


.072 


.07 


.0726 


.072 


15 


16 


.05082 


.065 


.063 


.061 


.0627 


.085 


16 


17 


.045257 


.058 


.054 


.0525 


.0546 


.058 


17 


18 


.040303 


.049 


.047 


.045 


.0478 


.049 


18 


19 


.03589 


.042 


.041 


.04 


.0411 


.04 


19 


20 


.031961 


.035 


.035 


.035 


.0351 


.035 


20 


21 


.028462 


.032 


.032 


.031 


.0321 


.0315 


21 


22 


.025347 


.028 


.028 . 


.028 


.029 


.0295 


22 


23 


.022571 


.025 


.025 


.025 


.0261 


.027 


23 


24 


.0201 


.022 


.023 


.0225 


.0231 


.025 


24 


25 


.0179 


.02 


.02 


.02 


.0212 


.023 


25 


26 


.01594 


.018 


.018 


.018 


.0194 


.0205 


26 


27 


.014195 


.016 


.017 


.017 


.0182 


.01875 


27 


28 


.012641 


.014 


.016 


.016 


.017 


.0165 


28 


29 


.011257 


.013 


.015 


.015 


.0163 


.0155 


29 


30 


.010025 


.012 


.014 


.014 


.0156 


.01875 


30 


31 


.008928 


.01 


.0135 


.013 


.0146 


.01225 


31 


32 


.00795 


.009 


.013 


.012 


.0136 


.01125 


32 


33 


.00708 


.008 


.011 


.011 


.013 


.01025 


83 


34 


.006304 


.007 


.01 


.01 


.0118 


.0095 


34 


35 


.005614 


.005 


.0095 


.0095 


.0109 


.009 


35 


36 


.005 


.004 


.009 


.009 


.01 


.0075 


36 


37 


.004453 




.0085 


.0085 


.0095 


.0065 


37 


38 


.003965 




.008 


.008 


.009 


.00576 


38 


39 


.003531 




.0075 


.0075 


.0083 


.005 


39 


40 | 


.003144 




.007 


.007 


.0078 


.0 


04E 




40 



8! 



Ijpjiagjilf 

i&fiSsiiiiF 



mfmmmm& 



W arren : F k ret C ompany 



Mii.lTDTiiCTTTEEES, 



428 MARKET STREET, 



PHILADELPHIA. 



K alsomjne and F resco P aints; 

Gold Medal, New Orleans, 1884-5, and Eight First-Class Awards. 
CHEAPER THAN WALL PAPER OR OIL PAINT. 

Pure White and Beautiful Tints. 

Purifies and Beautifies. 

Will not Rub and Scale from the Wall. 

Invaluable in Cleansing and Disinfecting Walls 

Impregnated with Germs of Disease. 
Mixed in 5 Minutes Ready for the Brush, by the 

addition of Water Only. 
An Inexperienced Person can use it. 
Five Pounds will Cover with a Good Body 500 

Square Feet, on a Hard-Finished Wall. 

Ask for lt JOHNSTON'S DRY SIZED KALSOMISE," 

And Bee that you do not get any poor substitute. For sale by Paint, Drug and Hardware 

Dealers everywhere. 

Dry Kalsomine and Fresco Paint Works, 

NOS. 25 AND 27 JOHN ST., BROOKLYN, N. Y. 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



ROUND OR OVAL-HEAD IRON RIVETS. 

Number of Rivets in One Pound. 

APPROXIMATE. 



* Size. 


3 

8 







1 


2 


3 


1 
4 


4 


5 


6 


ft 

188 


7 
221 


8 
256 


9 


3 










154 


334 




32 


42 


51 


57 


65 


75 


80 


89 


108 ' 


131 


159 


185 


215 


278 


h. 


29 


37 


45 


50 


57 


67 


70 


78 


94 


114 


138 


158 


185 


238 


3 


26 


33 


41 


45 


51 


59 


63 


70 


84 


101 


122 


139 


163 


208 


7, 


24 


30 


37 


41 


46 


54 


57 


63 


75 


91 


109 


123 


145 


185 


1 


22 


28 


34 


37 


42 


49 


52 


57 


68 


82 


98 


111 


131 


166 


i* 


20 


26 


31 


34 


39 


45 


47 


53 


63 


75 


90 


101 


119 


151 


n 


19 


24 


29 


32 


36 


42 


44 


49 


58 


69 


83 


93 


109 


138 


i# 


18 


22 


27 


29 


33 


39 


41 


45 


54 


54 


76 


86 


101 


127 


H 


17 


21 


25 


28 


31 


37 


38 


42 


51 


59 


71 


80 


94 


119 


If 


15 


18 


22 


24 


27 


33 


34 


40 


44 


55 


63 


70 


82 


104 


2 


13 


17 


20 


22 


25 


29 


30 


35 


40 


47 


56 


62 


73 


92 


2| 


12 


15 


18 


19 


22 


27 


28 


32 


36 


42 


50 


56 


66 


83 


U 


11 


14 


17 


18 


20 


24 


25 


29 


33 


39 


46 


50 


60 


75 


2| 


10 


13 


15 


17 


19 


22 


23 


26 


30 


36 


42 


46 


55 


67 


Q 


9 


12 


14 


15 


17 


21 


22 


24 


28 


33 


39 


43 


51 


64 


3| 


8* 


11 


13 


14 


16 


19 


20 


23 


26 


31 


36 


40 


47 


59 


3* 


8 


10* 


12 


13* 


15 


18 


19 


21 


24 


29 


34 


38 


44 


55 


3f 


7* 


n 


llf 


12f 


14 


17 


18 


20 


23 


27 


32 


35 


41 


52 


4 


7| 


H 


11 


12 


13 


16 


17 


18 


21 


25 


30 


33 


38 


49 


±* 


7 


8f 


10* 


11* 


12f 


15 


16 


17 


20 


24 










4* 


6* 


8* 


10 


10f 


12 


14 


15 


16 


19 


23 










*4 


6£ 


8 


H 


10 


IH 


13f 


14f 


15f 


18 


22 










5 


6 


7* 


9 


9? 


11 


13 


14 


15 


17 


21 










5i 


5f 


7* 


87 


H 


10* 


12* 


13* 


14* 


16* 


20 










5* 


5j 


7 


8+ 


9 


10 


12 


13 


14 


16 


19 










5f 


5* 


6| 


7f 


8* 


a* 


1H 


12* 


13* 


15 


18 










6 


5 


H 


n 


H 


^ 


11 


12 


13 


14 


17 











SHRINKAGE OF CASTINCS. 

In making allowance for shrinkage in casting, pattern-makers 
understand that different shapes will shrink differently. The 
standard table of allowance for shrinkage in use in the best 
shops of the country is as follows : 

For Loam Castings ^ inch per foot. 

Green Sand Castings ^ inch per foot. 

Dry Sand Castings -,} - inch per foot. 

Brass Castings -fg inch per foot. 

Copper Castings ,\ inch per foot. 

Bismuth Castings - 3 \- inch per foot. 

Tin Castings \ inch per foot. 

Zinc Castings ;% inch per foot. 

Lead Castings...., fg- inch per foot. 

83 



JOHN H. GRAHAM. 

JOHN 




P.-O. Box 1042. 



WM. A. GRAHAM. 

& CO., 

ANUFACTURERS' AGENTS. 

All Goods at Factory Prices. 

113 Chambers St. and 95 Reade St., New York. 



ESTABLISHED 1870. 



AGENTS AS FOLLOWS: 



AMERICAN MACHINE CO., 

Freezers, Wringers, Fluting Machines, &c. 
LANE BROS., 

Grocer's Coffee Mills, Self-Measuring Fau- 
cets and Lane's Hangers and Track. 
HENRY DISSTON & SONS, 

Saws, Tools, Files, &c. 
HARTFORD HAMMER CO., 

Hammers Forged from Solid Cast Steel. 
NEW HAVEN COPPER CO., 

Cast Steel Augers and Bits, &c. 
AUBURN TOOL CO., 

Bench and Fancy Planes, all kinds. 
GEORGE M. EDDY & CO., 

Measuring Tapes. Largest line in the 
world. 
LORING & PARKS, 

Tacks and Rivets. 
HOBART B. IVES & CO., 

Sash Locks, Door Bolts, &c. 
QUEEN ANNE SCREEN CO., 

Extension Screens, Window Sticks and 
Corners, &c. 
BARTON BELL CO., 

Hand, House, Car and Sheep Bells, Sleigh 
Bells, &c. 
DOUBLE-POINTED TACK CO., 
Double-Pointed Tacks, Blind Staples, Spring 

Staples, &c. 
UNITED STATES CORD CO., 

Braided Sash Cord, &c. 
ROMER & CO., 

Night Latches, Iron and Brass Padlocks. 
BAEDER FLINT PAPER CO., 

Flint Paper, Emery Cloth, &c. 
AMIDON & BASTEDO, 

Braces, &c. 
E. S. HOTCHKISS, 

Hotchkiss Rat Killers, Metallic Mouse 
Traps. 
A. G. COES & CO., 

Coes' Genuine Screw Wrenches. 
IRON CITY TOOL WORKS, 

Vises, Picks, Mattocks, Grub Hoes, 
Sledges, &c. 
HENRY KNICKERBACKER, 

Scythes, Grass Hooks, Axes, Hatchets and 
Tools. 
SEYMOUR SMITH AND SON, 

Pruning Shears, Breast Drills, Bull 
Rings, &c. 
DERBY & BALL, 

Scythe Snaths. 
CHAPIN BOLT & NUT CO., 

Carriage Bolts, Machine Bolts, Lag 
Screws, &c. 
AMERICAN SCREW CO., 

Wood Screws, &c. 
WATERTOWN THERMOMETER CO., 

Thermometers, Storm Glasses, &c. 



JONES OF BINGHAMTON, 

Scales, &c. 
LAWRENCE CURRY COMB CO., 

Curry Combs. 
T. C. RICHARDS HDW. CO., 

Picture Nails, Bright Wire Goods, &c« 
JOSEPH MALLINSON & CO., 

Scissors and Shears. 
A. W. BRINKERHOFF & SON, 

Universal Corn Huskers. 
P. LOWENTRAUT, 

Mechanics' and Plumbers' Tools, Skates, 
&c. 
HARRISBURG HANDLE CO., 

Pick, Axe, Hammer, Sledge and Hatchet 
Handles. 
D. W. BOSLEY & CO., 

Weather Strips, Floor Scrubbers, Window 
Cleaners, &c. 
FRED. J. MEYER MFG. CO., 

Corn Poppers, Fly Traps, Muzzles, Rat 
Traps, &c. 
HOWARD BROS., 

Cotton, Wool, Horse and Curry Cards. 
GAY & PARSONS, 

Ratchet Screw-Drivers, &c. 
TUCKER & DORSEY MFG. CO., 

Alarm Tills, Saw Bucks, Towel Racks, &c. 
PHCENIX CASTER CO., 

Martin's Patent Casters. 
SNELL MFG. CO., 

Cast Steel Augers and Bits, Ship Augers, 
&c. 
A. F. PIKE MFG CO., 

Scythe Stone. All kinds Oil Stones, &c. 
W. H. HOWELL & CO., 

Geneva Fluters, Laundry Irons, &c. 
EDWARD STORM SPRING CO., 

Cannon Diamond-Pointed Nail Set and 
N. Y. Safety Dumb Waiters. 
RIPLEY MFG. CO., 

Mallets, Bung Starters, Mouse Traps, &c. 
CHADBORN & CALDWELL MFG. CO., 

Lawn Mowers, Beef Cutters, &c. 
BURRELL & WHITMAN, 

Butter and Cheese Tryers, Flour Testers, 
&c. 
C. S. BELL & CO., 

Church and Farm Bells. 
CHALFANT MFG. CO., 

Toilet and Gas Irons. 
BOSTWICK & BURGESS, 

Carpet Sweepers. 
NEW SCOTT MFG. CO., 

Apple, Peach, Orange Parers, Ice Creepers, 
Fruit Presses, &c. 
DETROIT BLOCK WORKS, 

Wood and Iron Blocks. 
CRONK HANGER CO., 

Barn Door Hangers, Cronk Plyers, &c. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Size, Weigj 


lit, Length and Strength of Iron Wire. 




BIRMINGHAM 


WIRE GAUGE. 








<w 




1 


jlJiRECT Strain . 




u 

<a 

"as 

S 

as 
3 


° 4 


O , 


to & 

c pq 

1-1 tH 


o . 

1 ** 

i 1-1 

i 


5.1 


« -r. 


No. 


Inches. 


Lbs. 


1 Lbs. 


Yards. 


I Yards. 


Sq. in, 


Lts. 


5-0 


546 


161 00 


2830 


39 


70 


163 


13070 


4-0 


425 


140 00 


2460 


45 


80 


142 


11350 


3-0 


394 


120 00 


2113 


52 


93 


122 


9755 


2-0 


363 


102 00 


1794 


62 


110 


103 


8280 





331 


84 72 


1490 


74 


132 


086 


6880 


1 


300 


68 75 


1210 


91 


163 


071 


5650 


2 


280 


59 90 


1054 


105 


187 


062 


4930 


3 


260 


51 65 


909 


121 


215 


053 


. 4250 


4 


240 


44 00 


775 


143 


255 


045 


3620 


5 


220 


37 00 


651 


170 


303 


038 


S010 


G 


200 


30 56 


538 


203 


361 


031 


2510 


7 


185 


26 15 


461 


239 


428 


0265 


2220 


8 


170 


22 10 


389 


286 


509 


023 


1840 


9 


155 


18 36 


323 


342 


609 


0195 


1560 


10 


140 


14 97 


264 


420 


747 


016 


1280 


11 


125 


11 95 


211 


529 


939 


0125 


1000 


12 


110 


9 24 


163 


700 


1244 


010 


800 


13 


095 


7 05 


124 


, 893 


1589 


0071 


568 


14 


085 


5 51 


97 


1142 


2031 


0057 


456 


15 


075 


4 29 


76 


1468 


2608 


0044 


352 ' 


16 


065 


3 22 


57 


1954 


3473 


0033 


264 


17 


057 


2 48 


44 


2540 


4515 


0026 


208 


18 


050 


1 91 


34 


3150 


5600 


0020 


160 


19 


045 


1 55 


27 


4085 


7246 


0016 


128 


20 


040 


1 22 


21 


4912 


9168 


0013 


104 


21 


035 


94 


'17 


6416 


11980 


0010 


80 


22 


030 


69 


12 


8736 


16300 


0007 


56 


Sizes I 


Sxpresj 


sed in J 


^ractio 


ns of an Inch. 


1 -32 in. —No 


5-0 full 


5-16 in.- 


-No. 1 fi 


in. 


1^8 in —No. 11 


7-16 in.— No 


. 4-0 full 


9-32 in.- 


-No. 2 




1-10 in —No. 13 full 


13-32 iii.— No 


3-0 f ull 


1-4 in.- 


-No. 3| 




1-12 in —No. 14 


3-8 in.— No 


. 2-0 fuU 


7-32 in.- 


-No. 5 




1-16 in.— No. 16 


1 i-32 in.— No 


Ofull 


3-16 in.- 


-No. 7 




1-32 in. —No. 22 


.' — - - 




5-32 in.- 


-No. 9 







85 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Telegraph and Telephone Wire. 

FEOM TEENTON IBON COMPANY LIST. 

Weight per Mile-Ohm. — This term is to be understood as distinguishing the resistance 
of material only, and means the weight of such material required per mile to give the re- 
sistance of one ohm. To ascertain the mileage resistance of any wire, divide the "weight 
per mile-ohm " by the weight of the wire per mile. Thus in a grade of Extra Best Best, of 
which the weight per mile-ohm is 5,000, the mileage iesistance of No. 6 (weight per mile 
525 lbs.) would be about 9_J£ ohms ; and No. 14 steel wire, 6,500 lbs., weight per mile-ohm (95 
lbs. weight per mile), would show about 69 ohms. 

The grades of LINE WIRE are generally known to manufacturers, consumers, and the 
trade in this country, as "Extra Best Best" (E. B. B.), "Best Best" (B. B.), " Best" (B.), 
and " Steel." 

The ' ' Extra Best Best " is made of the very best iron, as nearly pure as any commercial 
iron, soft, tough, uniform, and of very high conductivity, its weight per mile-ohm being 
about 5,000 lbs. 

The " Best Best " is of excellent iron, showing in mechanical tests almost as good results 
as the E. B. B., but not quite as soft, and being somewhat lower in conductivity ; weight 
per mile-ohm about 5,700 lbs. 

Some manufacturers have ceased to make the grade known as "Best" — which term has 
become to some extent a misnomer, as it has been much applied to inferior wire hardly 
suited for telegraphic purposes, and having a weight per mile-ohm of 6,000 to 7,000 lbs. It 
is found that wire made from Bessemer or Open-Hearth Steel, low in carbon, gives better 
satisfaction, being tougher and stronger than iron wire that can be furnished at an equal 
price per pound, and off ering no more resistance to the electric current. This "Steel" 
wire is well suited for Telephone or short Telegraph Lines, and the weight per mile-ohm 
is about 6,500 lbs. 

The following are (approximately) the weights per mile of various sizes of Galvanized 
Telegraph Wire, drawn by Trenton Iron Oo.'s gauge : 



No. 



4, 



5, 



6, 



7, 



8, 



9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 



14, 



Lbs. 720, 610, 525, 450, 375, 310, 250, 200, 100, 125, 



95. 



Telegraph Wire is frequently made by Birmingham wire gauge, but wire of any desirea 
weight per mile can be made to order. 



No. 4. 



Sizes of Wire Used in Telegraph and Telephone Lines. 

Has not been much used until recently ; is now used on important lines where the 

multiplex systems are applied. 
Little used in the United States. 
Used for important circuits between cities. 
Medium size for circuits of 400 miles or less. 
For similar locations to No. 8, but on somewhat shorter circuits ; until lately was 

the size most largely used in this country. 
For shorter circuits, railway telegraphs, private lines, police and fire alarm 

lines, &c. 
For telephone lines, police and fire alarm lines, &c. 

For telephone lines and short private lines ; steel wire is used most generally in 
these sizes. 

The Coating op Telegraph Wire with zinc as a protection against oxidation is now 
generally admitted to be the most efficacious method. Some years ago telegraph wire used 
to be boiled in linseed oil, which process cost less than galvanizing and protected the wire 
tolerably well, except where it was exposed to the action of sea air. It can still be coated 
in that manner if required ; but a good coat of zine is the best protection against rust, and 
wire so coated is moreover a better conductor than plain wire. 



No. 


5 


No. 


6. 


No, 


8 


No. 


9 


No. 


10 


No. 


11. 


No. 


12 


No. 


13 


Ne. 


14. 




Joints In Telegraph Wires.— Above is an illustration of the ordinary " telegraph joint. 
The fewer the joints in a line the better; hence the advantage of the present method of 
making single pieces of wire weighing 90 or 100 lbs. (or oven 150 lbs.) instead of (as a few 
years ago) 30 to 50 lbs. All joints should be carefully made and well soldered over, for a 
bad joint may cause as much resistance to the electric current as several miles of wire. 

~~86 



H ^_ 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



July 8, 1886. 

STEEL T^IBE nST-^ILS. 



StanclarcL Price List. 



Size. 



Length of 
Nail. 



Add to the 

price of 

1 0d Com. 

Standard. 



Common, Fence, Flooring Brads, 
Shingle and Tobacco Nails. 



10d-60d. . 
8d & 9d. . , 
6d & 7d. . . 
4d&5d... 

3d 

2d 



3 in. to 6 in. . 
2\ in. & 2f in. 
2 in. &2^in, 
1£ in. & If in. 

l£inch 

1 inch 



Kate . . . 
I 35 
75 

1 10 

2 25 

3 75 



Barbed Common. 

10d-60d 13 in. to 6 in . . 

8d&9d 2£in. &2fin. 

6d&7d 2 in. &2£in. 

4d&5d |l£in. &l|-in. 

3d Iliinch 

2d 1 inch 



40 

75 
00 
50 
50 
00 



Casing and Smooth Box. 



10d-40d 


3 in. to 5 in. .. 


75 


8d & 9d 


2£in. & 2f in. 


1 25 


6d&7d 


2 in. &2£in. 


1 50 


4d & 5d. . . . . 


l£in. & 1-| in. 


2 00 


3d 


l£inch 


3 00 


2d 


4 00 



Barbed Box, 25c. add to Smooth. 



Smooth Finishing Nails. 



2d 

8d 

4d & 6<L . . , 
6d & 7d. . . 
8d & 9d. . . , 
10d-20d. . . 



inch, 
inch. 



l£in. &l£in. 

2 in. &2£in. 
2£in. &2f in. 

3 in. to 4 in. . . 



For Barbed, 25c. add to Smooth. 



2d. 
3d. 
4d. 



Fine Nails. 



1 inch. 
1 \ inch. 
1 A inch. 



Lining Nails. 



\ inch. 

| inch . 

1 inch. 



6 00 
5 00 
4 50 



Size. 



Length of 
Nail. 



Add to the 

price of 

lOdCom. 

Standard. 



Barrel Nails. 



| inch. 

finch. 
1 inch. 
\\ inch, 
liinch. 
If inch, 
liinch. 



00 
50 
75 
60 
25 
50 
10 



Slating Nails. 



2d.. 
3d., 
4d., 
5d.. 



1 men. 
liinch. 
liinch. 
l#inch. 



3 00 
2 00 
1 50 
1 25 



Barbed Roofing Nails. 



2d. 
3d., 
4d., 
5d., 
6d., 



| inch . 
finch. 

1 inch, 
liinch. 
Hinch. 
If inch. 

2 inch. 



Barbed Oval-Head Car Nails, 
Light and Heavy. 



4d 

5d 

6d&7d..., 
8d&9d..., 
10d-60d. . . 



liinch 

If inch 

2 in. & 2i in . 
2£in. &2f in 

3 in. to 6 in. .. 



75 
50 
25 
00 
75 



Clinch Nails. 



2d 

3d 

4d&5d 
6d-20d. 



inch, 
inch . 



1 \ in. & If in. 

2 in. to 4 in. .. 

Wire Spikes. 



All 



sizes. 3 in. to 9 in . 



3 50 
2 75 
2 00 
1 75 



35 



87 



W. H. CHAPMAN! CO., 



ANUFACTURERS OF 




IME SLUM BELLS, C1LL BILLS, 
Iron Toys and Novelties. 

Specialties in Hardware anfl LiiM Metallic Goods' Generally. 

MIDDLETOWN, CONN. 



CH5CAGO SPRING BUTT. 



CHICAGO BLANK BUTT. 




THE MOST POPULAR LINE 




9N0ES 



IN THE WORLD. 

Write for Catalogue and Prices. 



MANUFACTURED BY 



'CHICAGO SPRING BUTT CO. 

Lake and Union Sts., Chicago* 




1 


21 


Bronze 
Plated. « 
Pair j 


41 


51 


DOOBS. 


3 

P.-S 


23 


33 


43 


53 


"3 . 


©t5 .. 

M QJ Li 

$3.00 

3.75 

5.50 

7.50 

10.00 

14 00 


o 9 2 




*3 T3 • 

5 -as 

*** 


© • 


$4.25 
4.75 
6.00 
10.00 
15.00 
19.50 


™ .h 
ft* 


$1.20 
1.50 
2.50 
4.00 
7.00 

10.00 


$3.00 

3 75 

5.50 

7.50 

10.00 

14.00 


$8.50 
9.50 
12.00 
20.00 
30.00 
39. OC 


$8.50 
9.50 
12.00 
20.00 
30.00 
39.00 


%tol in. 
1% to 1^ in. 
1% to 1^ in. 
IX to 2 in. 
2^ to 2^ in. 
2% to 3>£ in. 


$0.60 
0.75 
1.25 
2.00 
3.50 
5.00 


$1.50 
1.88 
2.75 
3.75 
5.00 
6.50 


$1.50 
1.88 
2". 75 
3.75 
5.00 
6.50 


$4.25 
4.75 
6.00 
10.00 
15.00 
19.50 



>« 



| HOPKINS' 


HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 


LENGTH AND GAUGES OF STANDARD STEEL WIRE NAILS. 


'S83[ldg 












: ^ 


jcio-^cofMH : 


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t~ t- t~ 

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t : : : r-i r-1 tH rH t-H tH 








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: : co : 


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89 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



R 

R 

<j 
R 

% 

h 

(!) 



O 
Z 



o 



Hi 

s 

z 

z 



z 



CO 

M 



02 

w 

N 

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m 


c\ 


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®p -<*ir><Dr^coa)OOJcoooooo 








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•Sm^exS 


• • rH • © • © C* 

• • rH • C* •© •* 

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Barbed 

Oval-Head 

Car Nail. 


> ■ • 

■ « : : 
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93 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Wires of Yarious Metals Compared. 

The following table is given by Mr. David Kirkaldy, of London, to exhibit 
the tensile strength and resistance to tension of wire made of various ma- 
terials. 





lens 


Tested. 


Pulling Stress 


;>er square inch 


Specin 


Hard. Pounds. 


Annealed. 
Pounds. 




63.122 

81.156 

65.F34 

65.321 

120.976 

159.515 

151.119 

13° 141 

120.90. 


37.002 




51.550 




46.160 




61.294 


Steel r 


74.637 


Phosphor Bronze, 


No 
No 
No. 
No 


1 


58.853 


2 


64.569 


U u 


3 


54.111 


it (t 




53.371 



Specimens Tested 



Copper 

Brass 

Charco- ' Iron 

Coke Iron 

Steel 

Phosphor Bronze, No. 1. 

" «* No. 2. 

" " No. 3. 

" « No. 4. 



j t-in^ShS 



Annealed. Hard 



34.1 
36.5 

28. 

17. 

10.9 

46.6 

42.8 

44.9 

42.4 



86.8 
14.7 

43. 

20. 
* 

13.3 

15.8 
17.3 
13. 



Annealed. 



96 

57 
87 
44 
79 
66 
60 
53 
124 



Of the eight pieces of steel tested three stood from 40 to 45 twists, af'l 
five stood from 1% to 4 twists. 

Kelatire Malleability of the Metals. 



1. Gold. 

2. Silver. 



3. Copper. 

4. Tin. 



5. Platinum. 

6. Lead. 



7. Zinc, 

8. Iron. 



Specific Resistances of Metals. 



Copper 1.00 

Silver 98 

Gold 1.13 

Iron 5.63 

Lead.... 10.76 



Mercury 50.00 

Palladium 5.50 

Platinum 6.78 

Tin Wire 6.80 

Zinc Wire 3.70 



BrassWire 3.88 

German Silver Wire. 11.30 

Nickel Wire 7.70 

Calcium Wire.... ... 2.61 

Aluminium Wire.... 1.75 



List of Conductors and Non-Conductors, 

In which each substance named conducts better than that which 
precedes it ; the first being the best insulator ; the last the best conductor 



1. Dry Air. 

2. Paraffine. 

3. Hard Rubber. 

4. Shellac. 

5. India Rubber. 

6. Gutta Percha. 

7. Sulphur. 



8. Glass. 

9. Silk. 

10. Dry Paper. 

11. Porcelain. 

12. Dry Wood. 

13. Dry Ice. 

14. Water. 



15. Saline Solu- 

tions. 

16. Acids. 

17. Charcoal or 

Coke. 

18. Mercury. 

19. Lead. 



20. Tin. 

21. Iron. 

22. Platinum. 

23. Zinc. 

24. Gold. 

25. Copper. 

26. Silver. 



When a wire of small resistance and an insulator of great resistance 
are employed upon a line the highest excellence is secured, since the lower 
the resistance in the former the better is the transmission, and the higher 
the resistance in the latter the less the waste of the current. 

~94~ 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Table of Iron, Steel, Copper and Brass Wire. 

WEIGHT OF 100 FEET IN POUNDS. EIKMINGHAM WIEE GAUGE. 

Brass and Copper "Wire from to 25 is numbered by Stubs' 

Gauge. Fine "Wire from No. 26 is numbered by 

London Gauge. 



No. of 




PER LINEAL FOOT. 




Gauge. 




















Iron. 


Steel. 


Copper. 


Brass. 


0000 


54 62 


55 13 


62 39 


58 93 


000 


47 86 


48 32 


54 67 


51 64 


00 


38 27 


38 63 


43 71 


41 28 





30 63 


30 92 


34 99 


33 05 


1 


23 85 


24 07 


27 24 


25 73 


2 


21 37 


21 57 


24 41 


23 06 


3 


17 78 


17 94 


20 3 


19 18 


4 


15 01 


15 15 


17 15 


16 19 


5 


12 82 


12 95 


14 65 


13 84 


6 


, 10 92 


11 02 


12 47 


11 78 


7 


8 586 


8 667 


9 807 


9 263 


8 


7 214 


7 283 


8 241 


7 783 


9 


5 805 


5 859 


6 63 


6 262 


10 


4 758 


4 803 


5 435 


5 133 


11 


3 816 


3 852 


4 359 


4 117 


12 


3 148 


3 178 


3 596 


3 397 


13 


2 392 


2 414 


2 723 


2 58 


14 


1 826 


1 843 


2 085 


1 969 


15 


1 374 


1 387 


1 569 


1 482 


16 


1 119 


1 13 


1 279 


1 208 


17 


8915 


9 


1 018 


9618 


18 


6363 


6423 


7168 


6864 


19 


4675. 


472 


534 


5043 


20 


3246 


3277 


3709 


3502 


21 


2714 


274 


31 


2929 


22 


2079 


2098 


2373 


2241 


23 


1656 


1672 


1892 


1788 


24 


1283 


1295 


1465 


1384 


25 


106 


107 


1211 


1144 


26 


0859 


0867 


0981 


0926 


27 


0678 


0685 


0775 


0732 


28 


0519 


0524 


0593 


056 


29 


0448 


0452 


0511 


0483 


30 


0382 


0385 


0436 


0412 


31 


0265 


0267 


0303 


0286 


32 


0215 


0217 


0245 


0231 


33 


017 


0171 


0194 


0183 


34 


013 


0131 


0148 


014 


35 


0066 


0067 


0076 


0071 


36 


0042 


0042 


0048 


0046 



95 



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w- 



The SARGENT-SPRAGUE CAN OPENER is unequalled for opening tin cans of 
ANY SHAPE OR SIZE. The DOUBLE FOOT gives it a bearing on both sides of 
the knife, thus bringing the cutting edge in position to make a CLEAN SHEAR CUT, 
without leaving the tin torn or ragged ; the double bearing also prevents an unequal 
strain upon the rivet, and insures durability with RAPID and SATISFACTORY work. 
Well made. Requires no adjusting. Always ready for use. It is the best and. most 
popular. 




Eclipse Spring. | EclipsE Check. 




THIS will 

"Stop 
that 
Slamming." 



THE CUT SHOWS TH E EOUPW DOOR SPR, N « AND CH,CK APPUtO. 



USE THE ECLIPSE DOOR SPRING MR CHECK 

vous temperament are »oZ^n s t ' ° ""T y ' hi " Pere ° nS °' the m °* ■» 
and when p.aced on the d„o rs ,eadi„ g W " e ££££ keTT" 5 ' T"" '" *-** 
venting th e odor w „i ch arises ,ro m cL.n* ^pe^al^VhoTse "^ *" "'- 

—Xnb York Journal of Commerce. 

BUY THE ECLIPSE. 



T E BLIPSE MM ** 



cMb its th e T:r: - 

o{ breakage any part 



^upStloWSPWHG 

Tens on of spr« l & d -, s t extx* 

6t & of the he* q int e r cten|eaM= Ve Vaced. 
^. parts ar ,.«,.» _ 



For Sale by ail well regulated Hardware Dealers the World over. 

Manufactured by SARG-ENT & CD, 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



TABLE OF WEIGHTS, 

Showing Estimated Number of Pounds of Barbed Wire Required 

to Fence Space or Distances Mentioned, with. 

One, Two or Three Strands. 



1 Square Acre 

1 Side of a Square Acre. 

1 Square Half -Acre.... 

1 Square Mile 

1 Side of 1 Square Mile. 

1 Bod in Length 

100 Rods in Length . . 

IOC Feet in Length. ..... 



1 Stband. 



57.5 
15* 
40% 
1440 
360 

1% 
112* 
7 



lbs. 



2 Stbands. 



115 

28* 

81 

2880 

720 

2* 
225 
14 



lbs. 



3 Stbands. 



172 lbs 
42% 

121* 
4320 
1080 

3% 
337^ 
21 



When Posts 


There are required 


are placed 


for each strand of wire, 


apart. 


for one riffle of fence. . . 


Feet 


Posts. 


Lbs. op 
Staples 

7* 


Lbs. of 

WlBE. 


8 


660 


360 


10 


528 


5* 


360 


12 


440 


4% 


360 


16* 


320 


3* 


360 


20 


264 


3 


360 


25 


212 


2* 


360 


30 


176 


2 


360 


33 


160 


1* 


360 



Total cost of 1 mile of fence when 
posts cost 12*c. each, and wire and 
staples cost 7* c. lb. for galvanized. 

3 Stbands. 



$167 90 
149 00 
139 78 
124 45 
117 40 
110 74 
106 16 
104 09 



4 Stbands. 


$196 35 


180 39 


168 07 


152 68 


145 53 


138 80 


134 22 


132 15 



Number of Wires and Distances Between Posts. 

Although fences are sometimes made of two wires, to fence against 
cattle only, experts recommend no less than three, and as many more as 
desirable. Five wires maKe a good fence— such is used by nearly all the 
railroad companies. 

The following are the distances apart at which the wires are generally 
placed: 

Two-wire fence, 1st wire 22 inches, 2d wire 44 inches from the ground. 

Three-wire fence, 1st wire 16 inches, 2d wire 30 inches, 3d wire 48 inches 
from the ground. 

Four-wire fence, 1st wire 12 inches, 2d wire 24 inches, 3d wire 36 inches, 
4th wire 48 inches from the ground. 

Five-wire fence, 1st wire 8 inches, 2d wire 15 inches, 3d wire 24 inches, 
4th wire 36 incnes, 5th wire 48 inches from the ground. 

One less strand may be used with four-point than two-point wire. 

The height op the LEGAti pence Taries as follows : 

Four feet high in Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Delaware 
and Idaho. 

Four and a half feet high in Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New 
York, New Jersey, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, 
Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Tennessee, Kansas, Nebraska, Col- 
orado, Oregon, Arizona, Nevada, Montana, Dakota and Utah. 

Five feet in Pennsylvania, Virginia, Missouri, Kentucky, North Caro- 
lina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Texas, Ar- 
kansas, California, and Washington and Wyoming Territories. 



97 



THE 

TRENTON IRON COMPANY, 



(INCORPORATED 1847) 

:&CAJin7 , :F , .A.c , nTSMEsas o:f 




m STEEL WIRE 

OF ALL KINDS. 

WIRE ROPE, 

Rolled Rods of Refined Iron and Steel, 

Steel Wire Bale Ties. 



WORKS AND OFFICE : 

AT TRENTON, NEW JERSEY 



NEW YORK OFFICE : 

COOPER, HEWITT & CO., 

IT BTJISXjII^O- slip. 



Philadelphia Office : 22 North Fourth Street. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Wire Standard Hoisting Ropes, 

With 6 Strands of 19 Wires Each. 



TRADE NUMBERS, SIZES, WEIGHT AND STRENGTH. 

IRON. 





a 


0) 


^ & • 


s ° 

2? o 


\7 a 




m'm diam- 
of Drum or 
ave, in Ft. 


d 


hi 

•♦a . 

O GO 

as 


o 

o 

0) • 
M CO 

a « 

3 a 




2§ 

CO «M 

60° 


^ o • 
SEHJ§ 

•So 

hi o 


§ O <U 

a e.5 


T3 
03 




OH 


-*3 <» O 




Oh e3 <M 
fi 1 ^ ° 


g ©CO 


1 


21 


7 


7.75 


74 


15 


151 


8 


2 


2 


61 


6.11 


65 


13 


141 


7 


3 


H 


51 


5.09 


54 


11 


13 


61 


4 


n 


5 


4.00 


44 


9 


12 


5 


5 


H 


4| 


3.55 


39 


8 


111 


4f 


5j 


u 


41 


2.90 


33 


61 


101 


41 


6 


H 


4 


2.42 


27 


5* 


91 


4 


7 


I* 


3| 


1.95 


20 


4 


8 


31 


8 


l 


31 


1.53 


16 


3 


7 


3 


9 


7 
8 


n 


1.16 


11.50 


21 


6 


2| 

21 


10 


3 
4 


n 


0.85 


8.64 


If 


5 


101 


1 


2 


0.60 


5.13 


n 


41 


2 


101 


9 
16 


If 


0.47 


4.27 


3 

f 


4 


If 


lOf 


1 

2 


H 


0.37 


3.48 


31 


1* 


ioi 


3 

8 


H 


0.26 


2.50 


4 


3 


1 





- 


CRUCIBLE STEEL. 






1 


21 


7 


7.75 


164.69 


32.90 




9 


2 


2 


61 


6.11 


132.37 


26.50 




8 


3 


If 


51 


5.09 


108.13 


21.63 




71 


4 


ll 


5 


4.00 


97.17 


19.44 




6 


5 


1* 


43 
P 

*4 


3.55 


86.38 


17.30 


161 


51 


51 


J-4 


2.90 


72.33 


14.46 


14 


51 


6 


4 


2.42 


50.17 


10.00 


121 


5 


7 


H 


31 


1.95 


38.00 


7.70 


11 


41 


8 


1 


3* 


1.53 


29.20 


5.80 


9 


4 


9 


2 

S 


2 f 
2f 


1.16 


21.55 


4.00 


8 


3 f 
31 


10 


3 


0.85 


14.99 


3.00 


61 


101 


| 


2 


0.60 


12.53 


2.50 


5f 


3 


101 


16 


11 


0.47 


8.81 


1.75 


54 


2f 


lOf 


1 


0.37 


7.52 


1.50 


4f 


2 



' The weights above stated are for Ropes with Hemp Cen- 
ters. For Ropes made with Wire Centers, add TEN PER 
CENT, to these weights. Also, see Table of Galvanized Strand. 



99 




** • 3 S 
a> o o-3 

& m 3~ u 
<« o 3 g 3 bo 

S.-a8|gS 

o Sm of* 9 « 

n £d 5 — < O so 

q g o £ o_ ,3 



CO 



P< 



d 



£ .3 -*» o ® 3 xi 






213 



S S "2 3 u .2 o o 
S o § S ft £3 



o 

O e9 H 

§ ■ S.3 o 
^.3 EL- 00 - 

5 5 £+»••-• •? 
-«)C Fh P-i 



o >> 

^* IS 

2 S 



o 

■ s 
02 



O 

CO 



CO 
CO 
(0 

JO 

£ 



1^ 

a> 



U c5 

^ a> 

■o 

Ctf 

III OS 

IP" 

cd 
o> 




* * 



g © 

C8 N 

3 " 

3 (U 



*- ft 



OB 


■H if 


+> 


^ 1 


« 


Q> 1 

60 


(a 


5 s 


<o 


** 


tn 




3 


O 


tm3 


3 




o 


° 




•^ 


DO 


o 


3 




a> 


rW 






U 






HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



TABLE 



SHOWING THE DIAMETER IN DECIMALS OF AN INCH, AND THE NUMBER 

OF FEET IN ONE POUND, OF EACH GAUGE IBON WIRE, AS 

DRAWN BY WASHBURN & MOEN WIRE GAUGE. 



No. 


Decimals 
of inch. 


Feet in pound. 


No. 


Decimals 
of inch. 


Feet in pound. 


000 


.362 


2.873 


15 


.072 


72.984 


00 


.331 


3.444 


16 


.063 


95.396 





.323 


3.619 


17 


.054 


129.873 


1 


.283 


4.698 


18 


.047 


172.401 


2 


.263 


5.444 


19 


.041 


222.222 


3 


.244 


6.333 


20 


.035 


301.249 


4 


.225 


7.460 


21 


.032 


370.036 


5 


.207 


8.809 


22 


.028 


476.190 


6 


.192 


10.270 


23 


.025 


640.74 


7 


.177 


12.047 


24 


.023 


879.03 


8 


.162 


14.365 


25 


.020 


1189.71 


9 


.148 


17.238 


26 


.018 


1485.62 


10 


.135 


20.698 


27 


.017 


1872.71 


11 


.120 


26.174 


28 


.016 


2361.42 


12 


.105 


34.254 


29 


.015 


2978.91 


13 


.092 


44.655 


30 


.014 


3754.83 


14 


.080 


59.174 1 









TABLE 

SHOWING CORRESPONDING SIZES OF STUBS' STEEL WIRE OR ROD8, TO THE 
DIVISIONS OF AN INCH. 



Nos.2 


12 


21 


28 


30 


35 


42 


48 


52 


56 


61 


H 


H 


10 

Si 


9 
Si 


s\ 


& 


A 


5 
Si 


& 


& 


& 




MESH OF COAL SCREENS 

USED. BY THE PRINCIPAL COAL DEALER8. 



2£, 1\ and 2 inch Screens Furnace Coal. 

lfandl^ " " Stove out of Egg Coal. 

l£andl " " Nut out of Stove. 

Jand § " .....: " Stove Coal. 

£and | ■« " Nut " 

\ « '• Pea " 

T 3 5 " '• Brickmakers' Dust. 

MESH OF FANNING-MILL WIRE CLOTH. 

The ordinary widths are 20, 21, 22 and 24 inch, and the Meshes for 
cleaning Seed are : 

For Wheat 4x4 or 5x5 

" Corn and Oats 2x2 

" Rye 3x3 

" Cockle............... ...:.. 8x8 or 9x9 

" Peas 2x4 or 2x5 

" Clover 13x13 or 14x14 

" Clover from Sand 20 or 22 Mesh 

" Timothy 16x16, 18x18 or 20x20 

" Cheat 2x9, 10 or 12, or 3x10, 11 or 12 

" Flax 4x13, 4x14 or 4x16 



101 



BBDWNXNS, SJSUM &, CO., 



No. 85 CHAMBERS STREET, NEW YORK. 

MANUFACTURE 

Hardware Specialties, 

COTTER'S SPRING KEYS 

— AND — 

MANUFACTURERS' SUPPLIES. 

D Rings, Belt Hooks, Staples, etc. 

In fact everything appertaining to 






FACTORY, 



BROOKLYN, N. Y, 




IFOSR. S-A-XjE STT 



HARDWARE DEALERS EVERYWHERE. 4 
Liberal Discounts to the Trade. 

Send for Samples and Price-Lists, . 



FACTORY : 
WILMINGTON, DEL. 



NEW YORK OFFICE: 
No. 14 DEY ST. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Spring Cotters and Keys and their Applications. 

SPRING COTTERS. 



No 


30 
13 


31 
13 


32 
11 


33 


34 


35 


36 


37 


39 




Wire Gauge.. 


11 


7 


7 


4 


4 


1 


For Hole 


■h 
ft 


■h 

l 

4 


1 

8 


i 

8 


16 


ft 


i 

4 
1 


4 


ft 




3 

4 


i 


7 
ft 


1 


U 


H 



SPRING KEYS. 



39 
1 



ft 



1ft 



No : 


000 
12 

7 
32 

f 


00 
12 

7 
32 



12 


1 


H 


2 


3 


4 








11 


11 


10 


10 


10 






For Hole 


7 
32 


1 
4 


* 


9 
32 

1 


9 
3 2 


9 






For Bolts 


2 
4 


1 


* 


1 


I 


1 







Wire Bale Ties. 

Nos. 16, 15. 14, 13 and 12 are put up in bundles of 250 Ties, 
Nos. 11, 10 and 9 wire are put up in bundles of 125 Ties and 
run in length from 6 feet to ll£ feet. 

Other Sizes and Lengths made to order as required. 

To get length of Tie required, add three inches to the meas- 
ure around the bale when under pressure. 



SIZE AND LENGTH OF TIES IN GENEKAL USE. 

For 17X22 Perpetual Presses, use Ties 8, 8^ or 9 feet long ; 
No. 14 wire for heavy work, and No. 15 for light work. 

For 14x18 Perpetual Presses, use Ties 8, 8£ or 8£ feet long ; 
No. 14 wire for extra or extreme heavy work ; No. 15 for heavy 
and medium work, and No. 16 for light work. 

For 12x15 Perpetual Presses, use Ties 7£, 7f or 8 feet long ; 
No. 15 wire for heavy work, and No. 16 for medium or light 
work. 

For Upright Hand Presses, use No. 14 or No. 15 wire. 

For Upright Light Horse Presses, use No. 14 wire. 

For Upright Heavy Portable or Light Stationary Horse 
Presses, use No. 13 wire. 

For Upright Heavy Stationary and Beater Presses, use 
No. 12, No. 11 and No. 10 wire, according to the size of bale 
and number of Ties used. 

For Broom Corn, Wool, Cotton, Hides, &c, or other mate- 
rials put up in heavy bales, use No. 9, No. 10 or No. 11 wire. 



103 



—IMPORTERS OF— 

TIN JPIiATE. 

Koofing Plate, 

Special Sizes, 

Block & Bar Tin, 

Tinners' Solder. 

SHEET IRON. 

Russia, 

Pat. Planished, 

Galvanized, 

Double Seaming, 

Cold Rolled, 

Common. 

WIRE. 
Bright Iron, 
Annealed Fence, 
Coppered, 
Galvanized, 
Tinned. 

SOLDER. 
Ex. Wiping, 
No. 1 Refined, 
No. 1 Capping, 
Ex.No.l"B.&C." 
Half and Half. 
COPPER, 
Sheet, Bottoms, 
Solders, Bolts, 
Wire, Ingot. 
SHEET ZINC. 
American, 
Spelter. 

ELBOWS. 
Russia, Planished 
Charcoal. 
Stove Boards* 
Stove Bolts, 

" Pipe Collars, 

**. " Dampers, 
Fire Pots, 
Rivets, Black, 

" Tinned, 
Kettle Ears. 

SUNDRIES* 

Babbit Metal, 
Antimony, 
Spelter Solder, 
Tinsmiths' Tools 
and Machines, 
Milk Can Trim-( 
mings. 

AUSTIN'S PATENT EXPANDING CONDUCTOR, AND SPIRAL RIBBED PIPE. 

PATENT ROOPING SEAMER FOE PUTTING TIN TOGETHER. 
All Latest and Best Machines for Roofers and Tinners* 

We call special notice to our Retail Department for those wanting Tinmen's Supplies 
less tlian full packages. All orders promptly attended to. Write tor prices. 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



2=5« 



Table of Standard or Regular Tin Plates. 



Size and Kind of Plates — Number and Weight of Sheets in a Box, and Wire 
Gauge Thickness, of every Kind and Size. 







H 

o 


H 

o 

n 


V 






H 
o 


M 
O 

£1 


V 


* 




PQ 


ta 








.a 


.9 


;3 


Size. 


Grade. 


d 


go 




Size. 


Grade. 






St 






4> 


a 


<y 






-t-> 

o 


a 


o 






OJ 


p 


M 






V 


3 


•H 






02 


o 

78 


29 






■5 
OQ 


O 

130 


£_ 


10 by 10 


IC 


225 


13 by 13 


IC 


225 


29 


if 


IX 


225 


98 


27 


IX 


225 


164 


87 


it 


IXX 


226 


118 


26 


44 


IXX 


225 


190 


26 


<( 


IXXX 


225 


124 


25 


41 


IXXX 


225 


216 


25 


« 


IXXXX 


225 


140 


243* 


14 by 14 


IC 


225 


152 


29 


10 by 14 


IC 


225 


108 


29 


4i 


IX 


225 


192 


27 


t( 


IX 


225 


136 


27 


44 


IXX 


225 


221 


26 


a 


IXX 


225 


159 


26 


41 


IXXX 


225 


250 


25 


tt 


IXXX 


225 


178 


25 


44 


IXXXX 


225 


279 


24# 


(( 


IXXXX 


225 


200 


24K 


15 by 15 


IX 


225 


221 


27 


10 by 20 


IC. 


225 


156 


29 


44 


IXX 


225 


255 


86 


<i 


IX 


325 


196 


27 


44 


IXXX 


225 


288 


85 


11 by 11 


IC 


225 


95 


29 


44 


IXXXX 


225 


322 


24# 


a 


IX 


225 


118 


27 


16 by 16 


IC 


225 


200 


29 


tt 


IXX 


225 


135 


26 


44 


IX 


225 


252 


27 


11 by 15 


SDC 


200 


164 


26 


it 


IXX 


225 


290 


26 


ii 


SDX 


200 


185 


25 


44 


IXXX 


225 


328 


25 


<« 


SDXX 


200 


206 


2434 


44 


IXXXX 


225 


368 


34# 


a 


SDXXX 


200 


226 


24 


17 by 17 


IX 


112 


140 


27 


ft 


SDXXXX 


200 


248 


23 


44 


IXX 


112 


162 


26 


22 by 15 


SDC 


100 


164 


26 


ft 


IXXX 


112 


184 


25 


« 


SDX 


100 


185 


25 


44 


IXXXX 


112 


205 


84# 


<t 


SDXX 


100 


206 


24>£ 


18 by 18 


IX 


112 


158 


27 


14 


SDXXX 


100 


226 


24 


IXX 


112 


182 


26 


« 


SDXXXX 


100 


248 


23 


(4 


IXXX 


112 


206 


85 


1836 by 17 


DC 


100 


96 


28 


44 


IXXXX 


112 


231 


24><r 


u 


DX 


100 


124 


26 


22 by 22 


IXX 


56 


135 


26 


«t 


DXX 


100 


145 


24 


44 


IXXX 


56 




25 


it 


DXXX 


100 


166 


23 


14 


ixxxx 


56 




24# 


ii 


DXXXX 


100 


185 


22 


24 by 24 


IXX 


56 


157 


26 


15 by 21 


DX 


100 


183 


27 


it 


IXXX 


56 




25 


t< 


DXX 


100 


214 


24 


ft 


IXXXX 


56 


..'. 


24J<r 


a 


DXXX 


100 


245 


23 






44 


DXXXX 


100 


276 


22 


Terne Pla' 


rES. 


25 by 17 


DC 


50 


96 


28 


14 by 20 


IC 


112 


108 29 


u 


DX 


50 


124 


26 


44 


IX 


112 


136 


27 


ft 


DXX 


50 


145 


24 


20 by 28 


IC 


112 


216 


29 


« 


DXXX 


50 


166 


23 


44 


IX 


113 


272 


27 


(4 


DXXXX 


50 


185 


22 


20 by 200 


IC 




172 


29 


14 by 20 


IC 


112 


108 


29 


44 


IX 




216 


27 


(4 


IX 


112 


136 


27 






ft 


IXX 


112 


157 


26 


Tin Taggei 


IS. 


44 


IXXX 


112 


178 


25 


10 by 14 | | 


450 1 108 1 33 


44 


IXXXX 


112 


200 


24# 






ft 


IXXXXXX 


112 


240 


23# 


Black Taggi 


BBS. 


12 by 12 


IC 


285 


108 


29 


10 by 14 




256 


108 


32 


IX 


825 


136 


27 


ti 




300 


108 


34 


41 


IXX 


825 


1ST 


26 


it 




360 


108 


36 


" 


IXXX 


325 


178 1 


25 


i< 




450 


108 


38 



105 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. 



Prom tlie " Metal Worker." 

Cost of Tin Roofing. 

The following table shows the cost per square and per square 
foot of tin roofing, laid with 14x20 tin, with tin at any price 
from $4 to $10 per box. The first column contains the price 
per box of tin ; the second column shows the cost of tin per 
square (100 square feet) of surface, and the third column shows 
the cost of tin per square foot of surface : 

FLAT SEAM EOOFING- -COST WITH 14x20 TIN. 



Price of tin 
per box. 


Cost per 
square of 
fiat root 
14x20 tin. 


Cost per 
eq. foot. 


$4.25 


..$2.21.... 




4.50 


.. 2.34.... 


... .0234 


4.75 


.. 2.47.... 


... .0247 


5.00 


... 2.60. .. 


... .0260 


5.25 


... 2.73.... 


... .0273 


5.50 


... 2.86... 


... .0286 


5.75 


... 2.99... 


... .0299 


COO 


... 3.12... 


... .0312 






... .0325 


6.50 


... 3.38... 


... .0338 


6.75 


... 3.51.... 


... .0351 


7.00 


.. 3.64.... 


... .0364 


7.25 


... 3.77... 


... .0377 


7.50 


... 3.90... 


... .0390 


7.75 


... 4.03... 


... .0403 


8.00 


... 4.16... 


... .0416 





Cost per 






square of 




Price of tin 


flat roof 


Cost per 


per box 


14x20 tin. 


sq. toot. 


$8.25 


..$4.29... 




8.50 


... 4.42... 


.„. .0442 


8.75 


.. 4.55.. 


... .0455 


9.00........ 


.. 4.68... 


... .0468 


9.25 


.. 4.81... 


... .0481 


9.50 


.. 4.94... 


... .0494 


9.75 


.. 5.07... 


... .0507 


10.00 


.. 5.20... 


... .0520 


10.25 


.. 5.33... 


... .0533 


10.50 


.. 5.46... 


... .054G 


10.75 


.. 5.59... 


... .0559 


11.00 


.. 5.72... 


... .0572 






... .0585 


1J.50 


.. 5.98... 


... .0598 


11.75 


... 6.11... 


... .0611 


12.00 


.. 6.24... 


... .0624 



STANDING BEAM HOOFING — COPT WITH 14x20 TIN. 



Cost per 

square of 

standing seam 

roof with 

14x20 tin. 



Cost per 
sq. foot. 



Price of tin 
per box. 

$4.25 $2.37 0237 

4.50 2.51 0251 

4.75 2.65 0265 

5 00 2.79 0279 

5.25 2.93 0293 

5.50 3.06 0306 



5.75 

6.00 

6.25 

6.50 

6.75 



3.20 0320 

3.34 0334 

3.48 0348 

3.62 0362 

3.76 0376 



7.00 3.90... 



.0390 



Price of tin 
per box. 

$7.25 

7.50 

7.75 

8.00 

8.25 

8.50 

8.75 

9.00 

9.25 

9.50 

9.75 

10.00 



Cost per 
square of 
standing: seam 
roof with Cost per 

14x20 tin. sq. foot. 

....$4.03....... .0403 

... 4.17 0417 

.... 4.31 0431 

.... 4.45 0445 

.... 4.59 0459 

.... 4.73 0473 

... 4.87 0487 

... 5.01 0501 

.... 5.15 0515 

... 5.29 « .0529 

... 5.43 .0543 

... 5.57 .0557 



106 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Cost of Tin Roofing— Continued. 

The following table shows the cost per square and per square 
foot of tin roofing, laid with 20x28 tin, with tin at any price 
from $8 to $24 per box. The first column contains the price 
per box of tin ; the second column shows the cost of tin per 
- square (100 square feet) of surface, and the third column shows 
the cost of tin per square foot of surface . 

FLAT SEAM HOOFING — COST WITH 20x28 TIN. 





Cost per 






Cost per 






square of 






square of 




Price of tin 


flat seam roof 


Cost per 


Price of tin 


flat seam roof 


Cost per 


per box. 


20x28 tin. 


sq. foot. 


per box. 


20x28 tin. 


sq. foot. 


$8.00 


....$2.01.... 


.. .0201 


$16.00 ... 


$4.01 .. 


. .0401 


8.50 


.... 2.13 


.. .0213 


16.50.... 


4. IS... 


.. .0413 


9.00 


.... 2.26 


.. .0226 


17.00.... 


4.26 .. 


.. .0426 


9.50 


.... 2.38. ... 


.. .0238 


17.50.... 


4.38... 


.. .0438 


10.00 


.... 2.51 

.... 2.63 


.. .0251 
.. .0263 


18.00.... 


4.51... 


.. .0451 


10.50 


18.50.... 


4.63... 


.. .0463 


11.00 


.... 2.76 


.. .0276 


19-00... 


4.76... 


.. .0476 


11.50 


.... 2.88 


.. .0288 
.. .0300 


19.50. 
20.00.... 


4.88... 

5.01.... 


.. .0488 


12.00 


.... 3.00 


.. .0501 


12.50 


:... 3.13 


.. .0313 


20.50.... 


5.13.... 


.. .0513 


13.00 


.... 3.25 


.. .0325 


21.00.... 


5.26.... 


.. .0526 


13.50 


.... 3.38 


. .0338 
.. .0350 
,. .0363 

.. .037a 


21.50.... 
22.00.... 
22.50.... 
23.00.... 


...... 5.38... 

5.51.... 

5.63.... 

5.76.... 


.. .0538 


14.00 


.... 3.50 


.. .0551 


14.50 


.... 3.63 


.. .0563 


15.00 


.... 3.75 


.. .0576 


15.50 


.... 3.88. .. 


. 038S 









STANDING BEAM BOOFING— COST WITH 20x28 TIN. 



Price of tin 
per box. 


Cost per 
square of 
standing seam 
roof with. 
20x28 tin. 


Cost per 
sq. foot. 


Price of tin 
per box. 


Cost per 

square of 

standing seam 

roof with 

20x28 tin. 


Coet per 
sq. foot. 


$8.00 

8.50 


.... 2.28 


. .0228 


$16.50,,., 
17.00 


$4.42... 

4.56.... 


.. .0442 
.. .0456 


9 00...... 


... 2.41 


. .0241 


17.50.... 


4.69.... 


.. .0469 


9.50 


... 2.55 

... 2.68 

... 2.82 


. .0255 
. .0268 
. .0282 


18.00 


4.82.... 


.. .0482 


10.00 


18.50 


4.96.... 


.. .0496 


10.50 


19.00.... 


5.09.... 


.. .0509 


11.00. 


• ••• a • "5 . . • . 


. .0295 


19.50 


5.23.... 


.. .0523 


11.50 


. .. 3.09 


. .0309 


20.00 


5.36.... 


.. .0536 


12.00 


.... 3.21. ... 


. .0321 


20.50.... 


5.49.... 




12.50 






21.00 


5.63.... 


.. .0563 


13 00 


.... 3.48 


. .0348 


21.50 


5.76.... 


.. .0576 


13.50 


... 3.62 


. .0362 


22.00 


5.90.... 


.. .0590 


14.00 


... 3 75 


. .0375 


22.50 


6.03.... 


.. .0603 


14.50 






23.00 


6.17.... 


.. .0617 




... 4.02 




23.50 






15.50 


... 4.15 .... 


. .0415 


24.00 


6,43.... 


.. .0043 




.... 4.29 


. .0429 









107 



TAPSCOTT & HIBBERD, 

Tinners' Tools and Machines, 




No. 24 CLIFF ST., 

STZE-W TORE, 



Squaring and Circle Shears 
presses, dies 

— AND — 

Special Tools for Working 
Sheet Metal. 

Full Line of Supplies. 




MICA 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

Best Quality Extra Selected. 

WYOMING. 

Best Second Grade Ever Offered. 

AMBER. 

Cheapest in the Market. Splits well. 
Guaranteed to Stand the Heat Equal to North Carolina. 



SEND FOR PRICE-LIST AND SAMPLES. 

EUGENE MUNSELL & CO., 

FRA NKu,rM E A S c ! oN oo., MICA HEADQUARTERS, 

north Carolina. No. 218 Water st., New York. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



RECIPES FOR SOLDERS. 

SOFT SOLDERS. 

Among the soft solders to be employed with metals melting 
at a low temperature, we give the following : 

Solder for bright tin ware, etc. : " Half & Half." 
Tin 50 parts. 

Lead.,. '. 50 " 

Solder for roofing, and plumbing joints : " No. 1." 

Tin 40 parts. 

Lead 60 " 

Solder for galvanized ware, etc. : "No. 1. Extra." 

Tin 45 parts. 

Lead 55 " 

Solder for pewter : 

Tin 100 parts. 

Lead 200 " 

Solder for sealing iron in stone : 

Lead*... , 200 parts. 

Zinc............ :. 100 " 

This alloy is more resisting and adheres better than pure 
lead. 

Solders for obtaining casts of medals, coins, etc. : 

Bismuth 400or600 

Lead 200 " 200 

Tin 200 " 300 

This alloy melts between 212 F. (or at water-boiling point) 
and becomes very liquid. 

HARD SOLDERS. 
Above we give the alloys of all soft solders. Herewith we 
give the constituents and process of making the harder ones : 
Solder for iron : 

Copper 67 

Zinc 33 

Solder for pure copper or ordinary brass : 

Copper 3 

Zinc 1 

Solder for hard brass : 

Scraps of metal to be soldered 4 

Zinc 1 

Hard solder for small and thin pieces : 

Copper 86.5 

Zinc 4.5 

Solder for uniting brass tube seams : 



Copper.., 
Tin. 



70) 



30 j 



y Brass 77.5 



Zinc 



22.5 



The proper process of making these solders is as follows : The copper 
and zinc are melted in separate crucibles, then added together in a pouring- 
pot and thoroughly mixed, and when at the proper temperature is poured 
from a certain height upon a bundle of birch twigs, kept wet and agitated 
at the surface of a tub of water. The solder is thus obtained in the shape 
of fine grains, having an irregular crystallization. When solder is not suffi- 
ciently fine it is hammered in a cast-iron mortar and passed through a sieve. 



109 



THE|THREE BEST THAT CAN BE MADE. 

WOOD-LINED AND PAPER-LINED. 



ithe daisy: 



Is Made of Embossed White Metal, 

Perfect in Make and Finish, 

Beautiful and Durable. 



♦♦ 
♦♦ 



THE NEW TACOMA 



IS AN EMBOSSED METAL BOARD. 

FIRE-PROOF AND BRASS-FINISHED. 



♦JTHE FAVORITES* 

Is the Best ZINC BOARD Made. Oil Finished and a Durable 
Silver Polish. Prices Reasonable. Send for Price-Lists 
and Discounts. Sold by Jobbers in all Large Towns. 



MADE ONLY BY 



M ^*** m 



21 1 Water Street, New York. 



P.S.— He makes a Metal "Slop-Jar Mat 7 ' that should be under 
every slop-jar in use. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Table of Weights of Sheet Copper per Square Foot, and Thickness 
per English Wire Gauge. 



English 


Weight 

per sq. 

foot. 


: 


Weight of Each Sheet. 




Gauge. 


14x18 


24x48 


30x60 


36x72 


48x72 


No. 1 


lbs. oz. 

14 8 

13 14 

12 12 

11 9 

10 1 

9 6 

8 11 

7 14 

7 3 

6 8 

5 12 

5 1 

4 5 

3 9 

3 4 

2 14 

2 8 

2 2 

1 15 

1 12 

1 9 

22 

20 

18 

16 

14 

12 

10 


lbs. 


lbs. 

116 

111 

102 

93 

81 

75 

70 

63 

58 

48 

46 

41 

35 

29 

26 

23 

20 

18 

16 

14 

13 

12 

10 

9 

8 

7 

6 

5 


lbs. 
181 
174 
159 
145 
126 
118 
109 

99 

90 

81 

73 

64 

54 

45 

41 

36 

22 

27 

24 

22 

20 

18 

16 

15 

121 

11 

91 

7 


lbs. 

261 

250 

230 

209 

182 

169 

157 

142 

130 

117 

104 

91 

78 

65 

59 

52 

45 

39 

35 

32 

29 

26 

23 

21 

19 

15 

13 

11 


lbs. 
348 


2 




334 


3 




306 


4 




278 


5 




242 


6 




226 


7 




209 


8 




190 


9 




173 


10 




156 


11 




139 


12 




122 


13 




104 


14 




86 


•15 




\ 78 


16 




70 


17 




60 


18 




52 


19 




47 


20 




43 


21 




39 


22 
23 
24 

25 
26 
27 

28 


6| 

51 
5i 

4f 
4 

3 


35 
31 

28 
25 
21 
18 
15 



WEIGHT OF SHEET COPPER PER SQUARE FOOT. 


i 






foot. 


i 

H 
1 
4 
1 


i. II it 
ft 11 t< 

a i< ii 


6 " " " 

JO <i ii il 

24 " " " 


<< 

ii 

ii 




. 







Planished Copper— Boiler Size. 


Gutter Copper— 20x72 Inches. 


Wire 
Gauge. 

6 

7 

8 

9 
14 
16 


Size of 
Sheet. 

14x49 
14x52 
14x57 
14x60 
14x48 
14x48 


Weight of Sheets 


Thick- 
ness 
Wire 

Gauge. 


Thickness of 
30x60 Bheet. 




Pounds. 

3 
4 
5 
5 
4 
4 


Ounces. 

14 

2 
9 

4 


Sheet of same 
thickness 20x72. 


No. 
27 
24 
23 


Lbs. 
10 
12 

14 


Size. 
30x60 
30x60 
30x60 


Lbs. 

9 

10 

13 


Ozs. 
2 

8 
2 



See Copper Sheathing Sheets. 
Ill 



HAND-HAMMERED 
COPPER KETTLES 




MANUFACTURERS, 

BUCYRUS, OHIO. 

Send for Catalogue and Prices. 



W 



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10 

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The Ieitle Sun. 




J. GrEXGrJbjJbi', 

MANUFACTURER, 

BUCYRUS, OHIO. 
Send for Circulars and Prices. 



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HOPKINS' HAI7DY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



SPUN BRASS KETTLES, 

"WEIGHT* AND CAPACITY OF. 



7 in. 

8 " 

9 " 
10" 

11 " 

12 ". 

13 " 

14 " 

15 " 

16 " 

17 " 



1 lb. 

U " 

2i •■ 

3 

34 « 

4 

5 

5f " 

6i 

74 " 

9 



4 g"l 

1 " 

1* " 

2 " 

24 " 

3 " 

4 " 
4^ " 
6 " 
6 " 
8 " 



18 in 104 lb 



19 

20 " 

21 " 

22 " 

23 " 

24 " 

25 " 

26 " 

27 " 

28 " 



.12$ 

•164 

.18 

.20 

.23 

.274 

.29 

.32 

.37 

.40 



10 gal 
12 " 
14 " 

17 " 

18 " 
23 " 
25 " 
30 " 
32 " 
37" 
42 " 



Number of Copper Belt Rivets and Burs in one 

Pound. 



Inch.... 


l 
4 


5 

16 


a 

8 


7 

1 6 


4 


9 

16 


1 


3 

4 


l 


1 


1* 


li 


14 


Burs 


No. 7... 


272 


250 


228 


180 


164 


160 


148 


112 


116 


100 


84 


80 


69 


345 


" 8... 


276 


248 


208 


200 


178 


172 


152 


136 


110 


104 


96 






390 


11 9... 


340 


280 


272 


248 


228 


220 


184 


176 


156 


136 








610 


•MO.. 


544 


448 


384 


340 


304 


300 


272 


238 


204 










716 


11 12... 


588 


512 


452 


404 


354 


334 


304 


272 












985 


" 13... 


996 


852 


532 






















1630 





Copper 


Hose Rivets and Burs, 






Size 


6 

1 6 

308 


l 

8 


7 

16 


4 


9 

. 1 6 


1 


f 


7 

8 


Burs. 


No. 7.... 
11 8.... 


201 


155 

181 


142 
160 


133 
150 


122 
135 


109 
116 


97 
100 


345 

390 



Copper Oval Head (or Trunk) Rivets 1 


and Burs, 




1 
4 

320 


5 

1 6 

285 


3 

8 

259 


7 

1 6 


4 


9 

16 


1 


3 
4 


3 

8 


1 


« 


H 


Burs 


No. 9 


243 


219 


199 


177 


159 


137 


123 


113 


104 


610 



Number of Copper Braziers' Rivets in one Pound. 








1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 




148 


100 


70 


44 


34 


24 


18 


12 


9 


6 


4 



113 




Stove Boards, 
Tea Kettles, 
Cuspadores, 
Trays, 

Crumb Trays, 
Coal Hods, 
Umbrella 

Stands, 

Etc. 

o^ ~ NEW Y0R K : 
290PEARL STREET/ 




WRITE FOR 



—AN— 

ENDLESS 

VARIET 

—OF— 

HOUSE-FURNISHING GUOd 

AND 

NOVELTIES 

-IN- 

BRASS, 
COPPER, 

TIN, Etc. 



OATiioSoB. { 86 uSr°- 




IF YOU SELL 



CO »d 

a . . a « — 

o 0>£ a -. ^ 

~ c $«~^ 

& cd Ba^S 
• -J3"fc »£ . 

•^ CD $5 © o o 



STREET. 



SCREWS, 

BOLTS, 

OR SHOT 




HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



h 

1 




Bar and Sheet Brass. 










WEIGHT IN POUNDS. 








O J? «' 

st u o 

2.2 A 


o 

hi o 


os ii 

«3 


SI 


hi . 

O hi 00 

O O 

« ,-fl 

■ — 2 
o © a 


h. ° 


oo to 

*-< a 
£° 


oo to 

£ fl 

MhH 


S« M 


■ 2 


«*» 


T3 -i-» 


S «'"' 


« £ 


©*. 


T3*» 


.gio 

J3-2 M 


01 SS 

e a 


s§ 


fl 2 

oil 


•^ a •- 
3.2 .a 


-<3 hi 

3) 09 

• » a 

.a O* 


*§ 


a ° 

on 


HPS 


0G5G 


03 i-i 


«H 


HO02 


03 02 


02 rH 


«T^ 


1-16 


2.7 


.015 


.011 


1 1-16 


45.95 


4.07 


3.20 


K 


5.41 


.055 


.045 


& 


49.69 


4.55 


3.57 


3-16 


8.12 


.125 


.1 


3-16 


51.4 


5.08 


3.97 


X 


10.76 


.225 


.175 


X 


54.18 


5.65 


4.41 


5-16 


13.47 


.350 


.275 


5-16 


56.85 


6.22 


4.86 


% 


16.25 


.51 


.395 


% 


59.55 


6.31 


5.35 


7-16 


19. 


.69 


.54 


7-16 


62.25 


7.45 


5.85 


X 


21.65 


.905 


.71 


# 


65. 


8.13 


6.37 


9-16 


24.3 


1.15 


.9 


9-16 


57.75 


8.83 


6.92 


X 


27.12 


1.4 


1.1 


X 


70.35 


9.55 


7.48 


11-16 


29.77 


1.72 


1.35 


11-16 


73. 


10.27 


8.05 


K 


32.46 


2.05 


1.60 


X 


75.86 


11. 


8.65 


13-16 


35.18 


2.4 


1.85 


13-16 


78.52 


11.82 


9.29 


% ' 


37.85 


2.75 


2.15 


% 


71.25 


72.68 


9 95 


15-16 


40.55 


3.15 


2.48 


15-16 


84. 


13.5 


10.58 


1 


43.29 


3.65 


2.85 


2 


86.75 


14.35 


11.25 






Bar and Sheet Co] 


pper. 










Weight in Pounds. 








u 

O h, B? 

„o 0> 
OB «d 


4» 

h§ 


m a 
/S o 


8 M 

h a 

<S o 


hi 

oo «^a 

CO hi o 




to ti 
,2 o 


09 tO 
OS o 


S d3 ^ 


» ? 


£~ 


"O *a 


HaS* -1 


0B S 


£*» 


irjw 


•* a .- 

«a3 


■*- hi 

4) St 

v a 
.a o« 


II 


H 2 

a o 

Opt, 


.2 | if 


o> a 

J3 C 


as 


on 


EhOczj 


02 03 


OQlH 


Kh 


Eh ft 3 


00 93 


Mr* 


«lH 


1-16 


2.88 


.015 


.011 


1 1-16 


49. 


4.35 


3.41 


K 


5.75 


.06 


.056 


X 


52. 


4.86 


3 85 


3-16 


8.65 


.134 


.105 


3-16 


54.9 


5.40 


4.29 


X 


11.48 


.235 


.187 


X 


57.65 


6. 


4.73 


5-16 


14.36 


.375 


.295 


5-16 


60.5 


6.60 


5.20 


X 


17.28 


.54 


.424 


% 


53.45 


7.27 


5.70 


7-16 


20.19 


.735 


.575 


7-16 


66.35 


7.90 


6.28 


X 


23.1 


.960 


.75 


X 


69.3 


8.64 


6.80 


9-16 


26. 


1.21 


.95 


9-16 


72.15 


9.28 


7.30 


% 


28.85 


1.51 


1 17 


X 


75.1 


10.15 


8. 


11-16 


31.68 


1.81 


1.42 


11-16 


77 95 


10.95 


8.6 


X 


34.57 


2.15 


1.7 


X 


80.75 


11.70 


9.24 


13-'.6 


36.46 


2.54 


2. 


13-16 


83.60 


12.60 


9.85 


% 


40.39 


2.95 


2.3 


% 


86.58 


13.46 


10.55 


15-16 


43.27 


3.37 


2.64 


15-16 


09.45 


14.35 


11.25 


1 


46.15 


3.84 


3.01 


2 


92.25 


15.35 


12. 



115 




The object of this Diamond Point can be readily seen, in that it prevents the Set from slipping 
from the head of the nail while in use, thus saving in many cases some valuable piece of work. 

It is fast taking the place of every other Nail Set. 

Once seen, Mechanics will have no other. 

These Sets are carefully made from the Best Quality of Tool Steel. The 
Points are turned and thoroughly tempered, and will not break, off. 

EACH SET FULLY WARRANTED. 

The Trade Supplied. Put up in boxes of 1 dozen, 1 -4 gross and 1 gross. 
Assorted sizes. Prices and terms upon application. 



The EDWARD STORM SPRING CO., Limited, 

DPOTTGrKCIKEEFSIE, IjT.- "ST. 

COXHBillD'S 

Combined Saw Vise and Set. 

PATENTED 
July 25, 1882, 

and 
March 8, 1887. 

Made in 3 Sizes for Circular Saws. 

Holding Saws from 5 to 10, 7 to 18, and 8 to 26 inches in diameter. Also in TWO SIZES FOB HAND, 

BAND AND SCBOLL SAWS. 

THESE VISES ARE ALSO MADE WITHOUT THE SETS. 

A SAMPLE TESTIMONIAL : 

Thomas Little & Son, Carpenters and Builders, 718 South Eleventh St.,) 
Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. i, 1886. I 

Mr. John F. Coxhbad : Dear Sir— Your No. 4 Combined Saw Set and Viae, which we received last 
month, is superior in every respect to anything we have yet had, and we can cheerfully recommend it. 

Bespectfully yours, THOMAS LITTLE & SON. 

Send for Catalogue and Trade Discount. « 

hRft by JOHN F. C0XHEAD, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 





HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight of Iron, Steel, 


Copper and Brass 


Plates. 




DIAMETER AND 


THICKNESS DETERMINED 


BY AMERICAN 


GAUGE. *%%• 




No. Of 
Gauge. 


Size of 
each No. 


Weight op Plates per Square Foot. 




Wrought 
Iron. 


Steel. 


Copper. 


Brass. 




0000 

000 

00 




Inch. 
.46000 
.40964 
.36480 
.32486 


Lbe. 
17.25 
15.3615 
13.68 
12.1823 


Lbs. 
17.48 
15.5663 
13.8624 
12.3447 


Lbs. 
20.838 
i8.557 
16.525 
14.716 


Lbs. 
19.688 
17.533 
15.613 
13.904 




2 
3 
4 
5 


.28930 
.25763 

22942 
.20431 
.18194 


10.84S8 
9.6611 
8.6033 
7.6616 

6.8228 


10.9934 
9.7899 
8.7180 
7.7638 
6.9137 


13.105 
11.671 
10.393 
9.2552 
8.2419 


12.382 
11.027 
9.8192 
8.7445 

7.787 




6 
7 
8 
9 
10 


.16202 
.14428 
.12849 
.11443 
.10189 


6.0758 
5.4105 
4.8184 
4.2911 
3.8209 


6.1558 
5.4826 
4 8826 
i.3483 
3.8718 


7.33A5 
6.5359 
5.8206 
6.1837 

4.615(5 


6.9345 
6.1752 
5.4994 
4.8976 
4.3609 




11 
12 
13 

14 
15 


.090742 
.080808 
.071961 
.064084 
.057068 


3.4028 
3 0303 
2.6985 
2.4032 
2.1401 


3.4**2 
3.0707 
2.7345 
2.4352 
2.1686 


4.1106 
8.6606 
3.2593 
2.9030 
2.5852 


3.8838 
3.4586 
3.0799 
2.7428 
2.4426 




16 
17 
18 
19 
2* 


.050820 
.045257 
.040303 
.035890 
.031961 


1.9058 
1.6971 
1.5114 
1.3459 
1.1985 


1.9312 
1.7198 
1.5315 
1.3638 
1.2145 


2.3021 
2.0501 
1.8257 
1.6254 
1.4478 


2.1751 
1.937 
1.725 
. 1.5361 
1.3679 




21 
22 
23 
24 
25 


.028462 
.025347 
.022571 
.020100 
.017900 


1.0673 
.95051 
.84641 
.75375 
.67125 


1.0816 
.96319 

.8577 
.7638 
.6802 


1.2893 

1.1482 
1.0225 
.91053 
.81087 


1.2182 
1 .0849 
.96604 
.86028 
.76612 




26 

27 
28 
29 
30 


.01594 

.014195 

.••12641 

.011257 

.010025 


.59775 
.53231 
.47404 
.42214 
.37594 


.60572 
.53941 
.48036 
.42777 
.38095 


.72208 
.64303 
.57264 
.50994 
.45413 


.68223 
.60755 
.54103 

.48180 
.42907 




31 
82 
33 

34 , 
35 


.008928 
.007950 
.007080 
.006304 
.005614 


.3343 

.29813 

.2655 

.2364 

.21053 


.33926 
.30*1 
.26904 
23955 
.21333 


.40444 
.36014 
.32072 
.28557 
.25431 


.38212 
.34026 
.30302 
.26981 
.24028 




36 
37 
38 
39 
40 


.005000 
.004453 
.003965 
.003531 
.(03144 


.1875 

.16699 

.14869 

.13241 

.1179 


.19 

.16921 
.15067 

13418 
.11947 


.2265 

.20172 

.17961 

.15995 

.14242 


.2140 

.19059 

.1697 

.15113 

.13456 




Weight per Cubic 
Foot 


7.200 
450. 


7.296 
456. 


8.698 
543.6 


8.218 
513.C 









117 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Seamless Brass and Copper Tubing. 



List of Regular Sizes. 


Weight per ft. 


List of Regular Sizes. 


Weight 


per ft. 


Outside 
Diam. 


60 

a 


Stubs' 
Wire 


to 

02 
«5 


u 

o 

Pi 
ft 


Outside 
Diam. 




Stubs' 
Wire 


01 
OQ 

OS 


u 

p. 

Pa 






Gauge. 




O 




i3 


Gauge. 
12 




O 

O 


3 


12 ft. 


19 


.18 


.19 


2* 


12 ft. 


2.53 


2.66 


i. 




18 


.27 


.29 


2j 




12 


2.68 


2.82 


R 




18 


.33 


.35 


H 




12 


2.84 


2.99 


i 




17 


.46 


.49 


*k 




10 


3.74 


3.94 


H 




17 


.49 


.53 


H 




10 


3.99 


4.15 


I 




17 


.53 


.58 


n 




10 


4.14 


436 


U 




16 


.63 


.67 


3 




10 


4.54 


4.78 


1 




16 


.67 


.71 


3i 




10 


4.94 


5.20 


n 




16 


.76 


.80 


3* 




10 


5.35 


5.63 


H 




15 


.97 


1.02 


4 




10 


6.14 


646 


H 




14 


1.22 


1.29 


*i 




10 


6.33 


6.66 


n 




14 


1.36 


1.44 


4i 




10 


6.52 


6.86 


H 




13 


1.65 


1.74 


4| 




10 


6 72 


7.07 


*f 




13 


1.79 


1.88 


4 




10 


6.92 


7.28 


m 




13 


1.83 


1.92 


*3 




10 


7 30 


7.68 


n 




12 


2.19 


2.31 


5 




10 


7.67 


8.08 


m 




12 


2.23 


2.40 


5* 




10 


8.49 


8 94 


2 




12 


2.35 


2.47 


6 




10 


9.31 


9.79 



Weight of Brass, Copper and Zinc 
Tubing, per Foot. 

NUMBERED BY BROWN A SHARPENS GAUGE. 



Weight in Thousandths of Pounds. 



BRASS. 
No. 17. 


BRASS. 
No. 20. 


COPPER. 
Lightning-Rod Tube. 
No. 23. 


Inch. 


Pounds. 


Inch. 


Pounds. 


Inch. 


Pounds. 


k 

5 

i 
i 


.107 

.157 

,185 

.234 

.266 

.318 

.333 

.377 

.462 

.542 

.675 

.740 

.915 

.980 
1.506 
1.90 
2.188 1 


1 

i 

s 

1 

7 
TB 

i 

6 ' 
5 

1 

T 
5 
1 

H 


.032 

.039 

.063 

.106 

.126 

.158 

.189 

.208 

.220 • 

.252 

.284 

.378 

.500 

.580 


i 

1 

u 

-i 


.162 
.176 
.186 
.211 
.229 


IB 
s 

9 
f 


ZINC. 

No. 20. 


1 

n 

it 

if 

2 


i 
n 

s 

i 

7 

s 

1 

n 

n 


.161 
.185 
.234 
.272 
.311 
.380 
.452 


3 







118 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



SEAMLESS COPPER TUBING. 

Weight per Foot, in Pounds. 



O.D. 


STUBS 


' WIRE GAUGE. 


O.D. 

( 


STUBS 


' WIRE GAUGE. 


Inches. 


11 


1 2 


13 


14 


15 


16 
.33 


Inches. 


11 


12 

3.81 


13 
3.30 


14 
2.90 


15 
2.51 


16 


\ 


.57 


.50 


.46 


.41 


.37 


3 


4.35 


2.23 


i 


.76 


.66 


.60 


.52 


.47 


.42 


3| 


4.54 


3.97 


3.44 


3.02 


2.61 


2 32 


f 


.94 


.82 


.74 


.64 


.58 


.52 


3£ 


4.73 


4.13 


3.58 


3.14 


2.72 


2.42 


1.13 


1.00 


.88 


.76 


.69 


.62 


3f 


4.92 


4.29 


3.72 


3.26 


2.82 


2.51 


1 


1.32 


1.16 


1.02 


.89 


.80 


.71 


3£ 


5.12 


4.47 


3.87 


3.38 


2.93 


2.61 


n 


1.51 


1.82 


1.17 


1.01 


.91 


.80 


3| 


5.31 


4.64 


4.01 


3.50 


3.04 


2.70 


n 


1.71 


1.49 


1.31 


1.14 


1.02 


.90 


32- 


5.50 


4 82 


4.15 


3.62 


3.14 


2.80 


if 


1.90 


1.65 


1.46 


1.29 


1.12 


1.00 


34 


5.69 


4.99 


4.29 


3.74 


3.24 


2.89 


i* 


2.08 


1.82 


1.60 


1.44 


1.23 


1.09 


4 


5.88 


5.15 


4.44 


3.86 






it 


2.26 


1.98 


1.74 


1.58 


1.34 


1.18 


*4 


£.06 


5.31 


4 58 


3.98 






n " 


2.46 


2.15 


1.88 


1.70 


1.45 


1.28 


H 


6.24 


5.48 


4.72 


4.10 






14 


2.65 


2.31 


2.02 


1.82 


1.55 


1.37 


*s 


6.43 


5.64 


4.86 


4.22 






2 


2.84 


2.47 


2.16 


1.94 


1.66 


1.47 


4.1 


6.62 


5.80 


5.00 


4.34 






24 


3.02 


2.66 


2.30 


2.06 


1.76 


1.56 


*§ 


6.80 


5.96 


5.15 


4.46 






H 


3.21 


2.82 


2.45 


2.18 


1.86 


1.66 


H 


6.99 


6.13 


5.29 


4 58 






2# 


3.40 


2.99 


2.59 


2.30 


1.97 


1.75 


5 


7.35 


6.46 


5.57 


4.82 






n 


3.59 


3.15 


2.73 


2.42 


2.07 


1.85 


5£ 


7.74 


6.79 










2| 


3.78 


3.32 


2.87 


2.54 


2.18 


1.94 


H 


8.13 


7.12 










2f 


3.97 


3.48 


3.01 


2.66 


2.29 


2.04 


5£ 


8.52 


7.45 










2| 


4.16 


3.65 


3.16 


2.78 


2.40 


2.13 


6 


8.90 


7.78 











To ascertain weight of Seamless Brass Tubing, multiply by .95. 





IKODiT 


tpj^it, sizn^R 








Weight per ft 




Weight per ft 






,d 


. 


u 






d 


■ . 


u 


Outside 


Same 


to 


« 93 




Outside 


Same 


to 


« 02 


&.S 


Diam. 


as Iron 
Size. 


C 


W^ 




Diam. 


as Iron 
Size. 


a 

V 
Hi 


&u 


&* 

o 


U 


i 


12 ft. 


.31 


.33 


1 * 


14 


12 ft. 


2.42 


2.54 


9 


i 


i< 


.42 


.44 


n 


l| 


ii 


2.92 


3.07 


tt , 


3 


ft 


.56 


.59 


2| 


2 


ti 


3.90 


4.09 


H 


I 


it 


.81 


.85 


24 


2* 


IC 


5 14 


5.41 


l& 


3 


f< 


1.19 


1.25 


3* 


3 


(1 


8.08 


8.50 


1A 


1 


ti 


1.66 


1.74 













SIZES AND WEIGHT OF COPPER TUBE. 

NO. 18 STUBS' WIRE GAUGE.* 



INSIDE 


WEIGHT 


INSIDE 


WEIGHT 


INSIDE 


WEIGHT 


DIAMETER. 


PEB FOOT. 


DIAMETEB. 


PEB FOOT. 


DIAMETEB. 


PEB FOOT. 


h 


.32 


U 


.95 


2 


1.40 


6 


.43 


If 


1.02 


24 


1.50 


3 


.55 


1* 


1.10 


2£ 


1.60 




.65 


If 


1.15 


2| 


1.70 


1 


.75 


If 


1.20 


2* 


1.80 


11 


.85 


14 


1.30 







In ordering, state whether Tubes are to be annealed for bending. 

* The above weights are theoretically correct, but in practice deviations 
from the theoretical weight must be expected. 



119 



I VES\ PATENT SASH LOCKS. 

WARRANTED BURGLAR PROOF. 

A very important feature of 
the Ives Sash Lock is in its 
securely locking when closed, 
and simultaneously drawing the 
meeting rails closely together. 
All the movements are accom- 
plished by cams without the 
instrumentality of springs, thus 
avoiding the possibility of get- 
ting out of order. 

Ives' Patent Sash Locks 

— AND — 

DOOR BOLTS 

Are for Sale by all Dealers in Hardware 
Patented April 17, 1883; Oct. 16, '83; Dec. 30, '84; 

March 24, '85; May 12, '85; June 23, '85; 

Patented in Canada March 24, 1886' 




HOBAirr B. IVES <3c CO., 

SOLE MANUFACTURERS AND PATENTEES, 

Send for Illustrated Price-Lists. NEW HAVEN, CONN. 




NEW HAVEN, CONN., 

MANUFACTURERS OF 




THE STAR 



SCISSORS AND SHEARS. 



Full line of Straight and Bent Trimmers, Bankers 1 and Paper Shears, Barbers' 

Shears, Ladies' Embroidery, Pocket and Buttonhole Scissors. 
WARRANTED SUPERIOR QUALITY. FULL NICKEL-PLATED. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



STANDARD WEIGHTS OF LEAD PIPE, Etc. 

WEIGHT PER FOOT OP LEAD PIPE AND TIN-LINED LEAD PD?E. 





AAA. 


AA 


A 


B 


C 


1) 


E 


Brooklyn. 


Ex Strong 


Strong. 


Medium. 


Light. 


Ex Light. 


Fountain. 




Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz 


Lb. Oz. 


Lb. Oz. 


% 


1 8 


1 5 


1 2 


1 


13 


10 


8 


X 


3 


2 


1 12 


1 4 


1 


13 


11 


% 


3 8 


2 12 


2 8 


2 


1 12 


1 8 


1 


% 


4 8 


3 8 


3 


2 4 


2 


1 12 


1 4 


l 


6 


4 12 


4 


3 4 


2 8 


2 


1 8 


l* 


6 12 


5 12 


4 12 


3 12 


S 


2 8 


2 


IX 


9 


8 


6 4 


5 


4 4 


3 8 


3 4 


2 


10 12 


9 


7 


6 


5 4 


4 





LEAD WASTE PIPE. 





4 inch, 4}£, 5, 6 & 8 lbs., .per foot. 
4>$ inch, 6, 6% &8B)s... " 


2 •« 3168. •» 


2X " 4 and 6 Be.... " 
3 " 3^,4^&5»s. " 


5 inch, 8,10 & 12 lbs.... " 

6 " 9% and upwards.. " 



EXTRA WEIGHTS OF LEAD PIPE. 



Calibre. 




2X 


inches.. 


3 


u 




3X 


ti 


. 


4 


CI 




4X 


(1 


. 


6 


II 


. 



7-16 Thick. 


Lb. 


Oz. 














26 


10 


30 


















% Thick. 



Lb. 
16 
19 
21 
25 

31 



Oz. 
11 
10 
10 









5-16 Thick. 


Lb. 


Oz. 


13 


11 


16 





18 


5 


21 


















X Thick. 



Lb. 
11 
12 
15 
16 
18 
20 



Oz. 









3-16 Thick. 



Lb. 
7 
9 
9 
12 
14 




Oz. 
13 



8 

8 







PATENT FINISH DROP SHOT, 

AMERICAN STANDARD SIZES. 



Extra Pine Dust 


Diameter 
in lOOths of 

an inch. 
.. IX 

3 

4 

6 

8 
.Trap Shot 

9 

.Trap Shot 

10 


No. of 
Shot to 
the oz 

84021 

10784 

4565 

2326 

1346 

1056 

848 

688 

568 

472 

399 

338 

291 


No. 6 


Diameter 
in lOOths of 
an inch. 
11 


No 
She 
the 


.of 
>tto 
oz. 

?18 


Pine Dust 


" 5 


12 


168 


Dust 


•« 4 


13 


"H?r 


No. 12 


" 3 

" 1 


16 


106 


" ll 


86 


" 10 


71 


« 10 


" B 


17 


59 


'« 9 


" BB. . .. 
" BBB . . . 
" T .. 


19 

20 


50 


" 9 


4tt 


" 8 


86 


" 8 


'• TT 


21 


31 


" 7 


" F 

11 FF 


22 

23 


9,1 


" 7 


24 







COMPRESSED BUCK SHOT, 




No 


3 

2 

1 




D'ameter 

inlOOthsof 

an inch. 

25 

27 

30 

32 


No. of 
Balls to 
theB 
284 
232 
173 
140 


No. 00 


Diameter 
in lOOths of 
an inch. 
34 


No. of 

Balls to 

the lb. 

115 


(t 


11 000.... 


36 


9-* 


it 

M 


It 


38 
44 


85 
50 



121 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUE.RIES. 



RULES FOR COMPUTING WEIGHTS OF 
METALS. 

I, — CAST IBON. 

To find the weight of a cast-iron rod or bar : multiply the 
weight of a wrought rod or bar from the usual tables, and 
deduct 2.27 of its weight. 

II. — WBOTJGHT IBON. 

To compute the weight of any piece of wrought iron : find 
the number of cubic inches it contains and multiply by .2816. 
This will give the weight in pounds. 

in. — CAST IBON. 
Multiply the number of cubic inches by .2607. 

# iv. — COPPEB. 
To compute the weight of copper : ascertain the number of 
cubic inches, and multiply by .3242. 

v. — LEAD. 
To compute the weight of lead : multiply the number of 
cubic inches by .41015. 

VI. — BBASS. 

To compute the weight of brass : multiply the number of 
cubic inches by .3112. 



USEFUL MATHEMATICAL RULES. 

To find the area of a parallelogram : multiply the length by 
the breadth. 

To find the circumference of a circle : multiply the diame- 
ter by 3.14159. 

To find the diameter of a circle : multiply the circumfer- 
ence by .31831. 

To find the area of a circle : multiply the square of the 
diameter by .7854; or, multiply the square of the circumfer- 
ence by .079577; or, multiply half the diameter by half the 
circumference. 

To find the area of a circular ring : multiply the sum of the 
diameters of the two circles by the difference of the diameters, 
and that product by .7854. 

To find the side of a square that shall equal the area of a 
given diameter or circumference : multiply the diameter of the 
circle by .886227; or, multiply the circumference of the circle 
by .282094. 

To find the diameter of a circle that shall contain the area 
of a given square : multiply the side of the given square by 
1.12838. 

To find the side of the largest square that can be inscribed 
in a circle of a given diameter or circumference : multiply the 
given diameter by .707106; or, multiply the given circumfer- 
ence by .225079. 

To find the circumference of a circle required to exactly 
admit a square of a given side : multiply the given side ' by 
.225079. 

122 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



YALUE OF IRON. 

VALUE PEB GBOSS TON (2240 LBS.) OF IBON AT FROM 1-1 OTH OF A CENT 

TO 10 CENTS PEB POUND, INCBEASING AT BATE OF 

1-10TH OF A CENT PEB POUND. 



Per Lb. 


Per Ton. 


Per Lb. 


Per Ton. 


Per Lb. 


Per Ton. 


$0,001 


$2.24 


$0,035 


$78.40 


$0,068 


$152.32 


0.002 


4.48 


0.036 


80.64 


0.069 


154.56 


0.003 


6.72 


0.037 


82.88 


0.070 


156.80 


0.004 


8.96 


0.038 


85.12 


0.071 


158.04 


0.005 


11.20 


0.039 


87.36 


0.072 


161.28 


0.006 


13.44 


0.040 


89.60 


0.073 


163.52 


0,007 


15.68 


0.041 


91.84 


0.074 


165.76 


0.008 


17.92 


0.042 


94.08 


0.075 


168.00 


0.009 


20.16 


0.043 


96.32 


0.076 


170.24 


0.010 


22.40 


0.044 


98.56 


0.077 


172.48 


0.011 


24.64 


0.045 


100.80 


0.078 


174.72 


0.012 


26.88 


0.046 


103.04 


0.079 


176.96 


0.013 


29.12 


0.047 


105.28 


0.080 


179.20 


0.014 


31.36 


0.048 


107.52 


0.081 


181.44 


0.015 


33.60 


0.049 


109.76 


0.082 


183.68 


0.016 


35.84 


0.050 


112.00 


0.083 


185.92 


0.017 


38.08 


0.051 


114.24 


0.084 


188.16 


0.018 


40.32 


0.052 


116.48 


0.085 


190.40 


0.019 


42.56 


0.053 


118.72 


0.086 


192.64 


0.020 


44.80 


0.054 


120.96 


0.087 


194.88 


0.021 


47.04 


0.055 


123.20 


0.088 


197.12 


0.022 


49.28 


0.056 


125.44 


0.089 


199.36 


0.023 


51.52 


0.057 


127.68 


0.090 


201.60 


0.024 


53.76 


0.058 


129.92 


0.091 


203.84 


0.025 


56.00 


0.059 


132.16 


0.092 


206.08 


0.026 


58.24 


0.060 


134.40 


0.093 


208.32 


0.027 


60.48 


0.061 


136.64 


0.094 


210.66 


0.028 


62.72 


0.062 


138.88 


0.095 


212.80 


0.029 


64.96 


0.063 


141.12 


0.096 


215.04 


0.030 


67.20 


0.064 


143.36 


0.097 


217.28 


0.031 


69.44 


0.065 


145.60 


0.098 


219.52 


0.032 


71.68 


0.066 


147.84 


0.099 


221.76 


0.033 


73.92 


0.067 


150.08 


0.100 


224.00 


0.034 


76.16 











SIZE AND STRENGTH OP CAST-IRON COLUMNS. 

Capable of Sustaining Load, Expressed in Cwts. 













DIAMETER IN 


INCHES. 










H'g't. 
Ft. 


119 
60 
40 
32 
26 


3 

178 

105 

91 

65 

55 


3£ 

247 
143 
165 
111 
97 


4 

320 
232 
214 
172 
156 


4* 

418 
318 
288 
242 
220 


5 

522 
400 
379 
327 
301 


6 

607 
501 
479 
427 
394 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


4 
6 
8 

10 
12 


1032 
591 
573 
525 
497 


1333 

1015 

980 

924 

887 


1716 
1397 
1289 
1224 
1161 


2119 
1600 
1659 
1603 
1564 


2570 
2150 
2045 
2007 
1910 


3050 
3040 
2490 
2450 
2900 



123 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



LIST OF EXTRAS ON BAR IRON. 

otjt^twiw^ qt,™ \ Bounds and Squares. £ to 2 in. diam. 

Obdinaby Sizes. | Flats * 1 to *xg to lj and 4ft to 6X3 to 1. 

2E23ZT£Ij&. SIZES. 



Rounds and 
Squares. 



No 6 and v^-in 

No. 5 

No. 4 

Nos.2,3,i&-^V 
A 



XI 



.7 

1? 

*&A» 

n to 2i 



3 to 3£. 
3ft to 4.. 

4tV to 4f 
4ft to 5.. 



HALF BOUND. 



£tol$. 



&A 
& A 



Flats. 



llv 3. 

ttx*.. 

ttxA. 
HxA. 

fx-&. 

ix*.. 

txA. 

txtt. 

fXiV. 

tXsV. 

3.^ 



»X* 

HxsV 
HxA 



Hxi- 

T^X}.. 

16 X^« 

7 v/ 3 
16AT6' 



.sis 



4.0 
3.5 
3.0 
2.5 
3.6 
3.0 
2.5 
2.3 
2.0 
1.8 
1.6 
3.0 
2.6 
2.5 
2.2 
1.8 
1.6 
1.4 
2.3 
1.9 
1.6 




tVX/sK- 
"fffXj. ... 



i&AxA 



■^Xitof 



l&ttxA 

«&ttxi&A 

i&Uxfto* 

4 X Y6 

Ixi&A 

Ixftof 

fxft 

fxi&ft 

fXfto} 

ixft 

lto6xiXft 

2 to 4X1-!% to 2.. 
2to4X2ftto3.. 
4^ to 6x1 A to 2 
4fVto6x2-ftto3 



1.5 
1.3 
1.2 
1.1 

0.9 
0.7 
0.5 
0.7 
0.5 
0.4 
0.6 
0.5 
0.4 
0.4 
0.2 
0.2 
0.3 
0.2 
0.4 



For catting to specific lengths, 10 to 20 feet, 0.2 ceut extra. 

CAST STEEL CROWBARS. 



Weight 


- 


8 I 


10 


12 | 


14 


16 | 


18 




| — 


1 I 1 


1 


1 li\ 


H 


1AI 


U 


Inches in Length . 


— 


48 | 


54 


62 | 


63 


66 | 


67 


Weight 


20 


22 | 


24 


26 | 


28 


30 | 




Inch Square 


H 


1 1A 


1« 


1* 1 


H 


. H 1 








Inches in Length.. 


72 


72 | 


72 


74 | 


74 


76 1 





COPPER SHEATHING SHEETS. 

Sheathing is the name applied only to sheets measuring 14x48 inches. 
Showing Wt. per sheet. No. of- sheets per case and Wt per case. 



Oz. per sq. foot. . . 


16 
4.10 


18 


20 


22 


24 


26 


28 


30 


32 


Pounds per sheet. 


5.4 


5.13- 


6.7 


7. 


7.9 


8.3 


8.12 


9.5 


Sheets per case. . . 


125 


115 


100 


100 


85 


80 
607 


75 


70 


65 


Pounds per case . . 


583 


604 


583 


642 


595 


613 


613 


607 



124 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WEIGHT OF HOOP IRON. 

One Foot in Length. 



Thickness. 


5 
5 


3 


7 

s 


1 


H 


H 


I 3 


n 




If 


2 


No. 


Inch. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


Lb. 


21 


.0334 


.0716 


.0861 


.1 


.115 


.129 


.144 


.158 


.172 


.197 


.201 


.229 


20 


.0375 


.0731 


.0938 


.109 


.125 


.141 


.156 


.172 


.188 


.203 


.219 


.25 


19 


.0438 


.0911 


.109 


.128 


.146 


.164 


.182 


.2 


.219 


.238 


.257 


.292 


18 


.05 


.104 


.125 


.146 


.167 


.188 


.208 


.229 


.25 


.271 


.292 


.333 


17 


.0563 


.117 


.141 


.164 


.188 


.211 


.234 


.258 


.281 


.305 


.328 


.375 


16 


.0625 


.13 


.156 


.182 


.208 


.234 


.26 


.286 


.313 


.339 


.365 


.417 


15 


.075 


.156 


.188 


.219 


.25 


.281 


.413 


.344 


.375 


.307 


.438 


.5 


14 


.0875 


.183 


.219 


.256 


.293 


.239 


.366 


.402 


.438 


.475 


.512 


.585 


13 


.1 


.203 


.25 


.292 


.333 


.375 


.416 


.458 


.5 


.543 


.584 


.667 


12 


.1125 


.234 


.281 


.328 


.375 


.422 


.469 


.516 


.563 


.609 


.656 


.75 


11 


.125 


.26 


.313 


.365 


.417 


.469 


.521 


.573 


.625 


.677 


.729 


.833 


lO 


.1406 


.293 


.352 


.41 


.469 


.527 


.586 


.645 


.703 


.762 


.82 


.838 


*9 


.1563 


.326 


.391 


.456 


.522 


.587 


.652 


.717 


.783 


.848 


.913 


1.04 


8 


.1919 


.358 


.43 


.501 


.573 


.644 


.716 


.788 


.859 


.931 


1. 


1.15 


7 


.1875 


;391 


.469 


.547 


.625 


.703 


.781 


.859 


.938 


1.02 


1.1 


1.25 


6 


.2031 


.423 


.508 


.593 


.677 


.762 


.836 


.931 


1.02 


1.1 


1.19 


1.35 




.2188 


.456 


.547 


.638 


.729 


.82 


.912 


1. 


1.09 


1.19 


1.28 


1.46 


4 


.2344 


.488 


.586 


.683 


.781 


.879 


.977 


1.07 


1.17 


1.27 


1.37 


1.56 



HOOP AND SCROLL IRON. 

Number of Feet in a Bundle of 56 Pounds. 



HOOP IKON. 


SCROLL IRON. 


Size. 




Size. 








Feet in 
Bundle. 




Feet in 


Width. 


Thick. 


Width. 


Thick. 


Bundle. 


| inches. 


No. 21 


815 


£ inches. 


No. 10 


240 


f inches. 


No. 20 


630 


| inches. 


No. 16 


430 


1 inches. 


No. 19 


450 


f inches. 


No. 14 


347 


1 inches. 


No. 18 


360 


| inches. 


No. 10 


190 


l\ inches. 


No. IT 


278 


% inches. 


No. 16 


360 


1£ inches. 


No. 16 


217 


£ inches. 


No. 14 


290 


H inches. 


No. 15 


160 


| inches. 


No. 12 


208 


If inches. 


No. 15 


139 


| inches. 


No. 10 


160 


2 inches. 


No. 14 


110 


| inches. 


No. 16 


310 








| inches. 


No. 14 


249 






• 


| inches. 


No. 12 


175 








1 inches. 


No. 16 


270 








1 inches. 


No. 14 


216 








1 inches. 


No. 12 


152 



BREAKING STRAIN UPON VARIOUS METALS. 

The size of the rod tested being in each case one inch square, and the 
number of pounds the actual breaking strain. 



Lbs. 

Castiron 19,000 

Ordinary bar iron 70,000 

Best Swedes iron 84,000 

Soft steel 120,000 

Hard steel 150,000 

Lead 860 



Lbs. 

Zinc 2,600 

Tin 5,500 

Copper 35,000 

Silver 41,000 

Gold 22,000 



125 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight of Flat Iron. 

"WEIGHT OF EUNNING FOOT IN POUNDS. 



2SSS 0, 3.-.'S'E?*'-MO»-i'o»»oh-*-e> co n< »» «o t- » co co »o <g t- « 

^ C» © r-i CO_ »0 t© 00 » r-i C* ■*}< Ml t- © CO «© 0»«00Jff»U300i-'>0Q0r-i-*t-OerS«> 

rtTHHrHrtrlrlrtrti-irlHnrlHrl 



.,-. P 5 S Nia«>r-(-*t— — < » «o « »a ^- 1- co 10 r-> t- co o» *5 »— co © »© c« i- 10 

. ^ . ,^^^'° 5 » J ~**>©'- , W , »OCO©COSOOOT-iCO«CaOr-t-Tl<<OOse*'«tft-C»ff'H3 
40IOlO«0«OW^^«»t-t^l^b^^(»<30odoOOJO»0»04©©©'©rH'r^r-lT-ifflC« 



ioct-Nooo> Ti e» e* en -# to «© «e b- co o» 

" ■ t- OJ rH CIS kO h- » r-l CO tf» t- 



mmeocooocisersmm^r | 'Tt<^t'^<'^<^<'r)<^tiokOkOkoiakau}<0(e«o«cto<ob>b*b>t-> 



CO if 10 to«o< 



e«'*H.„es>o»— e»iaaD©co<©rHeOr-it-e*t-ff»t-cooocoaocoo»'<#ej»'^tio»i© 

THrHr-ie<C«Ne»eOCO«00Tt'^'<JHO>O<©«Ob«b»00Q0OSO»©©i-lr-i0iC«C0ei5^lO 



IC*ff»ff»ff«e«IC*C«C*0»ff» 




~, MS r2 JS «* tr S? * 3 - »» .-it-** oo f ©»w — <©«*- en e> ?* © en b- e» ao 51 St^JS 
ep l e* ■* »t-co ©rH cftiso oo«*t-i e» •*iot-e» ©cjcows «c ao©.-' co >* «o *-• e% r-j e* "*» 

tHrH^THsi©5eieieieieicomco'co«n«^^^^^^»oio»o»o»a>o»o<e«©»«e 



ie*iM©<ff«ffi<Me<e*cocoeoeocoeocO'*Tj< , >*'*-<*"iJ<'*'^>o»o»a»o 



S^^^ieiatetait-ft-ooacACA r-i r-i <s* e» co co ■* -"t •* >o \a «© » 1— t- j- 

aOHMmitis<ob>ix)oiOrie<«u3iot«Goe)Cir-'C4c«'«iotowcoevor<0im 

rHrHrHr4r^rHT^rHr4i4ciweieieiei««eicococoeoeoeocoeococo^^^^ 



ia*C4C4C4e4c*c4C4C4C4C4C4C4cocococf: 



°? 



1 t-h ex e* co co •* ■ 






^*^^^ ^^^ttb* ^>J^^^«^ a?*^*^;*^ ** 

I. 04 • W »* . . »0 



125 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight of Flat Iron— Continued. 

WEIGHT OP BUNKING TOOT IK POUNDS. 



b— QO 00 C* Oi 



QOOHHffl8»NM^U510»>-»8)CC-'9IMijliaiOtS(»CO«10 • 

e5weNCN«*«e»c>4 9ie^c*eSeNea<>«c*MeoeoeoeoeoeiseoeocoeoeO'* • 



0)!NMJ)HJ1!MN1NC5!MJ1M 



°P 



HtiHri«NNMMeOMTll'*' < JHOlO<e»t-»-OOOOC>OJOOT-lT-iNNMCi5'>JilO 



INOJSflC^CMCqiMCSt^Ctt 



oo»«o>oioooooH«r-iHN(SNWM'>t'*ioioiO!e!S(-i»t-a)a)si»s 



t- eo to eo 

"b-l-H I 

t-COOOO)OOOOOOClft01ftO>OOOSriH91NfflM«SM'<*'*'*iaiO»tO»Ht- 



J3 2 



«**;«;*« **«&.**& *** *** ^^^ ^^ ^^^ 



eotot-oo e»eotot-oo Ncc»t-co a» eo to t- oo <SMioie«5iMMioioo> 

c, i- h io ^ 'jo w <e o w o> m i- h 19 Tjioos<toeioe>cet-i-<ioo^aoiM«oio 

WCO'^TjllOIO>0<e<9t-t«t-0000010>OOOt-iHISffl8 i iei;M'<(«-M610iO!0<OHk« 
CI 00 to HH ■** Jt— eO tOC90<8SI01»«QC^lT-IO>M to -# we* lONOlin 

flicMtoocow c^ 1 oo*'>*5' sc,500e,sfc ^' -1 ^ 00 *'. »o e» eo t© © ■<* t-_ i-i to oo ot to e» eo 
c4et5eti^'^^£^»'<»®'»i^t-ooooooc»o»o»ooo^TH(»c^>««Jei5eo^TiI'^o 

HHHrtrlHHr^HnrlHHHrl 

i-i 0* t* lO «» t- Oi t-i (M ^Jt «s «o 00 o» c o» ■<* to t— t- 00 <N eO lO t© t- 00 

l8Q0r-(4t-OM<0 W»OWI9Xrll8Mri'#t«0«i<0 « » .". ^ U5 00 ffl O (» H 

oio<>eoco«»^<' , <J''*'a'0«a»o«oto«ot-t-t-ooaooooo>o»o ©o o «~ r- h ©* oi e» eo' 

ao •>* «© ©» oo •<* <SMOiiOHt-cis8>BHt»M«iiOHb-Ma»iawh'^oiiaffio>w 
©m»oo — coOej>rH'^'oen««'^i--o>o»>ot-o©»»ocooooiacjOr-ieo<oooT-i'Ti(«oo» 

eioioi«o»caeoeo^^^^»>o^>owo»t-t-t^t-acccocco»c»o»o»OG>oo 



•^ CO 



»— K.«a i-i e* *> eo ■* to «o t- 1- oo ej> HSiseo^aai^t-aa t-< im ot eo -« to 

5oOoS>of-0>T-icrs»Ot-OS>-'eOU5t- W'<*!eC0OiNTii»00C(Siat-0>'-iM19t- 

r 4rHe«eic^eiwe«eocneocoTl(^^^»o>o>ao>o»<ow»«^^-t-t-^-^-'co , oo oo co 



oj t- to co ff> 



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^ [ ^ ^ r^ si <si n <n ei ©» eo eo eo eo eo ■** •* -<i< t* ■* •>* to to -o to to «o w «o «©<©«©' t-' t^ t-' t-' 



i rn e* ih e» t- to eo e* oo <o to eo r-t o> t— «e "* c^ 

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**x*x:«£ ******** ******* ******* ;*?* 

GV CO ^ IB 



127 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



FLAT IRON. 



NUMBER OF FEET IN A BUNDLE OF 112 POUNDS. 



Size. 

X by U inch. 

% " 516 " 

X " * " 

y* " % " 

y a « 5-16 " 

K " K " 

X " X " 

X " X " 

X "5 16 " 

% " % " 

X " 7-16 " 

X " X " 

% " 56 " 



Feet in 




Bundle. 




26T 


X b 


216 


% ' 


175 


% 4 


214 


% 4 


170 


% l 


145 


% ' 


106 


1 ■ 


175 


1 " 


142 


1 ' 


120 


1 « 


103 


1 « 


90 


1 « 


70 


1 M 



Size. 



5-16 

% 
7-16 

5-16 

% 
7-16 

9-16 
% 



Feet in 
Bundle. 



Round Bar Iron. 



155 

122 

100 

90 

75 

60 

135 

106 

90 

78 

65 

60 

52 



Round and Square Iron. 

NUMBER OF FEET IN A BUNDLE OF 112 POUNDS. 



ROUND IRON. 




SQUARE IRON. 




Size. 
3-16 inch 


Feet in 
Bundle . 

. . 1115 


Size. 
X " 


Feet in 
Bundle. 

953 


3£ " 


688 


540 


5-16 " 


440 


5-16 " 


345 


% « 


305 


% " i. 240 


7-16 '♦ 


.. 170 


7-16 " .• 


176 


% »« 


% " 


135 


9-16 " 


136 


9-16 " 


107 


% " 


110 


% " 


87 


11-16 " 


90 


11-16 «■ 


70 


94 " 


75 




60 





WEIGHT OF A 


RUNNING 


FOOT IN POUNDS. 




a s 


Wt per. 


ii 

p 


Wt. per 


P"S 


Wt. per 


6 ° 


Wt. per 


15 
p 


foot. 
Lbs. 


foot. 
Lbs. 


p 


foot. 
Lbs. 


.23 
P 


foot. 
Lbs. 


1-16 


.01 


1 1-16 


2.975 


2* 


11.9 


4 X 


44.85 


H 


.0411 


X 


8.338 


V 


13.3 


X 


47.54 


3-16 


.0925 


3-16 


3.725 


% 


14.75 


% 


50.33 


X 


.1651 


¥ 


4.12 


V 


16.4 


X 


53.32 


5-16 


.2573 


5-16 


4.545 


% 


18.1 


% 


56.34 


\ 


.371 


% 


5. 


% 


19.85 


% 


59.44 


7-16 


.505 


7-16 


5.455 


% 


21.5 


% 


62.62 


X 


.657 


% 


5.945 


3 


23.7 


5 


65.88 


9-16 


.835 


9-16 


6.445 


% 4 


25.55 


X 


69.23 


5 /s 


1.031 


% 


6.975 


M 


27.81 


X 


72.65 


11-16 


1.235 


11-16 


7.52 


V* 


29.65 


% 


76.18 


% 


1.475 


X 


8.05 


¥ 


32.25 


X 


79.75 


13-16 


1.74 


13-16 


8.65 


% 


34.45 


% 


83.45 


X 


2.015 


X 


9.25 


% 


37.1 


X 


87.20 


15-16 


2.31T 


15-16 


9.9 


% 


39.5 


X 


91.50 


1 


2.625 


2 


10.55 


4 


41.95 


6 


.95. 



FOR STEEL multiply tabular number above (for size) 1.01. 



128 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AN D QUERIES. 



SQUARE BAR IRON. 

WEIGHT OF A RUNNING FOOT, IN POUNDS. 



Thick 


Wt. per 


Thick 


Wt. per 


Thick 


Wt. per 


Thick 


Wt. per 
ft. Lbs. 


Inch. 


ft. Lbs. 


Inch. 


ft. Lbs. 


Inch. 


ft. Lbs. 


Inch. 


1-16 


.0131 


1 1-16 


3.80 


2 1-8 


15.15 


4 1-8 


57.20 


1-8 


.0525 


1-8 


4.25 


1-4 


17. 


1-4 


60.75 


3-16 


.1182 


3-16 


4.73 


3-8 


18.5 


3-8 


64.35 


1-4 


.2103 


1-4 


5.25 


1-2 


25.5 


1-2 


68. 


5-16 


.3200 


5-16 


5.78 


5-8 


23.1 


5-8 


72. 


3-8 


.4735 


3-8 


6.35 


3-4 


25.2 


3-4 


75.65 


7-16 


.6445 


7-16 


6.95 


7-8 


27.5 


7-8 


79.80 


1-2 


.84 


1-2 


7.55 


3 


30.05 


5 


83.8 


9-16 


1.063 


9-16 


8.2 


1-8 


32.75 


1-8 


88.25 


5-8 


1.314 


5-8 


8.85 


1-4 


35.5 


1-4 


92.5 


11-16 


1.59 


11-16 


9.57 


3-8 


33.25 


3-8 


97.15 


3-4 


1.8 


3-4 


10.30 


1-2 


41.15 


1-2 


101. 


13-16 


2.221 


13-16 


11.05 


5-8 


44.15 


5-8 


105.8 


7-8 


2.575 


7-8 


11.83 


3-4 


47.20 


3-4 


110.5 


15-16 


2.95 


15.16 


12.62 


7-8 


50.25 


7-8 


115.15 


1 


3,35 


2 


13.4 


4 


53.75 


6 


120.25 



FOR STEEL multiply tabular number above (for size) by 1.01. 



BAND IRON. 

NUMBER OF FEET IN A BUNDLE OF 112 POUNDS. 



Size. 




Size. 






Feet in 
Bundle . 




Feet in 










Bundle. 


Width. 


Thick. 




Width. 


Thick. 




IK inches. 


No. 12 


265 


2% inches. 


No. 12 


110 


IK " 


•• 10 


213 


2'X " 


" 10 


88 


IK " 


" 7 


160 


2K " 


" 8 


72 


IX " 


" 12 


246 


2% «• 


" 6 


60 


1# " 


" 10 


190 


3 " 


" 12 


101 


IK " 


" 7 


145 


3 " 


" 10 


80 


IK " 


" 12 


205 


3 " 


" 8 


66 


IK 


" 10 


160 


3 " 


" 6 


57 


IK 


" 7 


120 


3X " 


" 10 


75 


1% 


" 12 


175 


3K " 


" 8 


60 


IX " 


" 10 


138 


3# " 


" 6 


50 


IK " 


" 8 


110 


3K " 


" 10 


69 


\% " 


" 7 


100 


3K 


11 8 


57 


2 " 


" 12 


155 


3K " 


11 6 


48 


2 " 


" 10 


120 


4 " 


" 10 


60 


2 " 


" 8 


99 


4 " 


11 8 


50 


2 " 


" 7 


90 


4 " 


" 6 


40 » 


2 " 


" 6 


81 


4K " 


" 10 


52 


2K " 


" 12 


135 


4K " 


" S 


43 


2X " 


11 10 


105 


4K 


" 6 


35 


2K " 


" 8 


88 


5 " 


" 10 


48 


2K " 


" 6 


72 


5 " 


" 8 


40 


2K ■* 


« 12 


120 


5 " 


" 6 


84 


2% " 


" 10 


95 


6 '• 


" 10 


40 


2K " 


«• 8 


77 


6 " 


" 8 


32 


2K 


•• 6 


65 ] 


6 " 


" 6 


26 



129 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight of Sheet and Plate Iron. 

THICKNESS BY BIRMINGHAM WIRE GAUGE AND INCHES, WEIGHT 
OF A SQUARE FOOT IN POUNDS. 



THICKNESS. 


Weight 


THICKNESS. 


Weight 










B. W. 

Gauge. 


Part of an inch . 


Pounds. 


B.W. 

Gauge. 


Part of an incn. 


Pounds, 


36 


.004 


.126 


11 


.120 


4.48 


35 


.005 


.202 




X or .125 


5.054 


34 


.007 


.283 


10 


.134 


5.426 


33 


.008 


.322 


9 


.148 


5.98 


32 


.009 


.364 




5-32 or .1562 


6.305 


31 


.010 


.405 


8 


.165 


6.605 


30 


.012 


.485 


7 


.180 


7.27 


29 


.013 


.526 




3-16 or .1875 


7.578 


28 


.014 


.595 


6 


.203 


8.005 


27 


.016 


.677 




7-32 or .2187 


8.79 


26 


.018 


.755 


5 


.22 


8.912 


25 


.020 


.811 


4 


.238 


9.62 


24 


.022 


.912 




X or .25 


10.09 


23 


.025 


1.018 


3 


.259 


10*37 


22 


.028 


1.137 




9-32 or .2812 


11.33 




1-32 or .03125 


1.259 


2 


.284 


11.525 


21 


.032 


1.31 


1 


.3 


12.15 


20 


.035 


1.416 




5.16 or .3525 


12.58 


19 


.042 


1.695 





.340 


13.750 


18 


.049 


1.075 




11-32 or .3437 


13.875 


IT 


.058 


2.35 




% or .375 


15.10 


16 


.065 


2.637 


00 


.380 


15.26 




1-16 or .0625 


2.518 




13-32 or .4062 


16.34 


15 


.072 


2.92 


000 


.425 


17.125 


14 


.083 


3.35 




8-16 or .4375 


17.65 




3-32 or .0937 


3.78 


0000 


.454 


18.30 


13 


.095 


3.85 




15-32 or .4607 


18.90 


12 


.100 


4.4 


00000 


y z or .50 


20.20 



Weight of Sheet and Plate Iron. 



THICKNESS IN INCHES. WEIGHT OF A SQUARE FOOT IN 


POUNDS. 


Inches 


Lbs. per 
SquareFoot 


Inches 


Lbs. per 


Inches 


Lbs. per 


Thick. 


Thick. 


Square Poot 


Thick. 


SquareFoot. 


9-16 


22.5 


1 X 


70.62 


3 X 


156.51 


X 


25.21 


13-16 


73.14 


4 


161.55 


11-16 


27.75 


% 


75.58 


X 


166.6 


X 


30.25 


15-16 


78.20 


X 


171.76 


13-16 


32.75 


2 


80.75 


X 


176.71 


% 


35.26 


X 


85.75 


X 


181.77 


15-16 


37.75 


X 


90.81 


X 


186.79 


1 


40.35 


% 


95.86 


X 


191.84 


1-16 


42.87 


X 


100.9 


% 


196.9 


X 


45.4 


X 


105.95 


5 


201.85 


3-16 


47.9 


X 


111. 


X 


206.9 


X 


60.45 


% 


116.1 




211.95 


6-16 


52.96 


3 


121.15 


% 


217. 


X 


65.45 


X 


126.21 


X 


222.05 


7-16 


68.01 


X 


131.26 


X 


227.01 


K 


60.62 


% 


136.32 


X 


232.15 


9-16 


63.05 


X 


141.37 


X 


23T.2 


X 


65.66 


X 


146.41 


6 


242.26 


11-10 


68.11 


% 


151.46 







For STEEL PLATES multiply tabular numbers above (for Size) by 1.01. 



130 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight and Thickness of Boiler Iron. 



1-8 inch 


weighs 5 lbs 


per sq. 


ft. 


No. 1 Iron is. 
No. 3 " . 


..5-16 inch thick. 


3-16 " 


" n ii 






..9-32 " 


1-4 " 


u 1Q « 






No. 4 " . 


..1-4 " 


5-16 " 


" 12 h " 






No. 5 " . 


..7-32 


3-8 " 


" 15 " 






No. 7 " . 


..3-16 " 


7-16 " 


" 17*" 










1-2 " 


" 20 " 











Thickness of Boiler Iron Required 

AND PRESSURES ALLOWED BY THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Pressure equivalent to the Standard for a Boiler 42-in. in di- 
ameter and \ in thickness. 



00 

y 

O T-l 


Diameter in inches. 


S-s 


34 


36 


38 


40 


42 


44 


46 




Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


Lbs. 


5 


169.9 


160.4 


152. 


144.4 


137.5 


131.2 


125.5 


H 


158.5 


149.7 


141.8 


134.7 


128.3 


122.5 


117 2 


H . 


147.2 


139.1 


131.8 


125.1 


119.2 


113.7 


108.8 


4 


135.9 


128.3 


121.6 


115.5 


110. 


105 


100. 


3f 


124.5 


117.6 


111.3 


105.9 


100.8 


96.2 


92. 


4 


113.2 


106.9 


101.3 


96.2 


91.7 


87.5 


83.. 


3 -1 


flOl. 9 


96.2 


91.2 


82.6 


82.5 j 


78.7 


75.. 



Number of Burden's Rirets in 


100 Lbs. 




£ & 


Thickness 


in inches. 


•S °° 


Thickness 


in inches. 


&3 




















S.O 


















SA 


1-2 


5-8 


11-16 


3-4 


££ 


1-2 


5-8 


11-16 


3-4 


3 
4 


1,092 


665 






H 


433 


267 


212 


180 


1 
8 


1,027 


597 






I 


413 


248 


201 


169 


1 


940 


538 


450 




3 

4 


395 


241 


192 


160 


£ 


840 


512 


415 




4 




230 


184 


158 


1 

4 


797 


487 


389 


356 


i 

4 




220 


177 


150 


3 
8 


760 


460 


370 


329 


1 
2 




210 


171 


146 


♦ 


730 


440 


357 


280 


3 
4 




200 


166 


138 


ft 


711 


420 


340 


271 


5 




190 


161 


135 


3 

4 


693 


390 


325 


262 


i 

4 




180 


156 


130 


7 
~g 


648 


375 


312 


257 


JL 
2 




172 


151 


124 


2 


608 


360 


297 


243 


3 

4 




104 


145 


120 


* 


573 


354 


289 


237 


6 




157 


140 


115 


i 

4 


555 


347 


280 


232 


i 

4 




150 


138 


111 


J 


525 


335 


260 


220 


I 




146 


134 


107 


4 


500 


312 


242 


208 


4 




143 


129 


104 


3 


460 


290 


224 


197 


7 




140 


125 


100 



131 



IRON CLAD MANUFACTURING CO. 

LARGEST MANUFACTURERS OF 

Galvanized Sheet -Iron Goods 

In the United States, such as 

Coal Hods, Ash Cans, Water and Fire BucKets, 

GALVANIZED IRON SPRINKLERS, 

REFRIGERATOR OR DRIP PANS, 

WELL BUCKETS, OIL TANKS, ETC. 

Also Manufacturers of the Justly- Celebrated 

IROISr CLAD MILK CANS 

IN NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA, CINCINNATI, BALTIMORE, 

CHICAGO, BOSTON AND ST. LOUIS PATTERNS. 

GALVANIZED IRON RANGE BOILERS, 

FRY pans, rivets, etc. 

mm €hMB HANUFACTURIHG CO.,- 

aa CLIFF ST., NEW YORK. 

1888. BERRIDGE'S IMPROVED 1888. 

DOUBLE GUTTING SHEARS. 




No. 2. For Tin and Iron. Price, $3.00. No. 1. For Tin. Price $1.75. 

Are now complete with the Adjustable Jaw to take up the wear, and Slotted 
Bolt Head used to turn in the edge of pipe. 

No Tool Made that will do the Work of the 

DOUBLE CUTTING SHEARS. 

They are needed every day in the Tin Shop for cutting off old bottoms of 
Boilers, Pails, Tea Kettles, etc., to be repaired. Also for Cutting Water 
Conductor Pipe and Repairing Tin Roofs. They are indispensable in setting 
up stoves. Metals in sheets can be cut as well as Pipe and Cylinders of every 
description. They will soon save their cost in a saving of time and stock. 

PECK, STOW & WILCOX CO., New York, General Agency. 

T. BERRIDGE & SON, Sturgis, Mich. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



GALVANIZED SHEET IRON. 

[From " The Volta Iron Co.," Pittsburgh, Pa.] 

Table, showing Gauges, with Weights per Square Foot; List Price per 

Pound ; Cost per Square Foot at List, together with Cost per 

Pound and per Square Foot at Different Discounts, 

ranging from 35 per cent, to 75 per cent. 

In this Table prices are calculated to three places of decimals, which is 
sufficiently accurate for all practical purposes. 



«'2 er® 

CD w CO C 

C m a >-> 

2**2 2 

og„, 
p : o 



- - - o 

. B 






Hl> • >-. * M, • M, • 



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to »e» co en 05 © to -j to to en oo i- 1 *-■ co iu *. -3 en © co oo © to to to»->eneooo 



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133 



f£L 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 









SHEET ZINC. 










© 




-43 

o 




Approximate Weight 







£© 


■+3 o 




per Sheet. 






© 


24 


26 


28 


30 


32 


34 


36 


40 




™z 


^^ 


X 


X 


X 


X 


X 


X 


X 


X 


Kj 


* 




84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 


84 






oz. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


lbs. 


6 


29 


7 


6* 


6f 


7£ 


7£ 


8* 


n 


n 




7 


28* 


8 


7 


7* 


H 


8* 


9| 


H 


10* 




8 


28 


9 


7£ 


8* 


n 


H 


10* 


ii* 


11* 




9 


27 


10£ 


»I 


10 


10f 


11* 


12* 


13 


«f 




10 


26 


12 


10* 


m 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 




11 


25 


13* 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 




12 


24 


15 


13 


14 


15 


16* 


17* 


18* 


20 




13 


23 


17 


15 


16 


17 


18* 


20 


21 


22 


25 


14 


22 


19 


17 


18 


19* 


21 


22 


23* 


25 


28 


15 


21 


22 


19 


21 


22k 


24 


25* 


27 


29 


32 


16 


20 


25 


22 


24 


25* 


27 


29 


31 


33 


36 


17 


19 


28 


25 


27 


29 


31 


33 


35 


37 


41 


' 18 


18 


31 


27 


30* 


32 


34 


36 


38 


41 


45 


19 


17 


35 


31 


33 


36 


38 


41 


44 


46 


51 


20 


16 


40 


35 


38 


41 


44 


47 


50 


53 


59 



BAR AND SHEET LEAD. 

WEIGHT IN POUNDS. 



ness, or 
eter, or 
Inches. 


00 


re Bars 
b Long. 


^2 


ness, or 
eter, or 
Inches. 




£ bb 

s g 


id Bars 

b Long. 


Thick 
Diam 

Side; 


s. ** 

© 03 

m 


a o 
d o 


s ° 

5 ° 

O [V. 




2< ^ 
GO 


e3 O 

2 O 

00 rH 


3 ° 
2 o 

O &y 


i 

1 6 


3.71 


.02 


.014 


1A 


63.2 


5.6 


4.4 


1 
8 


7.43 


.079 


.06 


i* 


66.87 


6.26 


4.91 


a 

I 6 


11. 


.175 


.136 


ift 


70.51 


6.98 


5.5 


i 

4 


14.08 


.31 


.245 


li 


74.35 


7.74 


6.1 


5 

16 


18.05 


.486 


.38 


1A 


78.05 


8.55 


6.73 


a. 


22.02 


.695 


.549 


If 


81.76 


9.38 


7.38 


16 


26. 


.948 


.745 


1A 


85.48 


10.18 


8.05 


1 
2 


29.75 


1.24 


.975 


H 


89.28 


11. 


8.75 


A 


33.49 


1.55 


1.24 


1A 


93. 


12.05 


9.50 


g 

8 


37.18 


1.95 


1.51 


•*■ 8 


96.78 


13.15 


10.25 


JJ, 

1 6 


40.87 


2.33 


1.85 


1H 


100.5 


14.15 


11.06 


Is. 
4. 


44.58 


2.8 


2.2 


if 


104.1 


15.18 


11.88 


It 


48.28 


3.28 


2.58 


113. 
■••16 


107.8 


16.30 


12.76 


8 


52.12 


3.8 


2.98 


1 i 
x 8 


112.3 


17.45 


13.66 


JL5. 
1 6 


56.05 


4.35 


3.41 


1 J-5 

x 16 


116. 


18.10 


14.61 


1 


59.48 


4.95 


3.9 


2 


119.6 


19.78 


15.58 



SHEET LEAD IS MADE TO WEIGH, PER SQUARE FOOT: 
2£, 3, 3£, 4, 4£, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 pounds, and upwards. 

134 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Weight and Dimensions of Wrong-lit Iron Welded Pipes. 

FOB GAS, STEAM AND WATEB. 



Inside 


Outside 


Weight 


Inside 


Outside 


Weight 


Diameter 


Diameter 


per foot in 


Diameter 


Diameter 


per foot in 


in inches. 


in inches. 


pounds. 


in inches. 


in inches. 


pounds. 


% 


0.40 


0.24 


3 


3.5 


7.54 


X 


0.54 


0.42 


3# 


4.0 


9.05 


% 


0.67 


0.56 


4 


4.5 


10.72 


* 


0.84 


0.85 


4* 


5.0 


12.49 


% 


1.05 


1.12 


5 


5.56 


14.56 


1 


1.31 


1.6T 


6 


6.62 


18.77 


VA 


1.66 


2.25 


T 


7.62 


23.41 


Ifc 


1.95 


2.69 


8 


8.62 


28.35 


2 


2.37 


3.66 


9 


9.68 


34.07 


2>£ 


2.87 


5.77 


10 


10.75 


40.64 



F,ap Welded American Charcoal Iron Boiler Tubes. 

TABLE OF STANDABD SIZES. 



s . 


.h ®" 


8 . 


•ft g 


3 


. CD 
O on*.* . 

. » c 


. 9 

23 • 


"3 . 




u 



*3 * 

eg 

H 

m 


-5 2 

* 3 


E® 
a 

M 


•a 2 
s ® 

11 


8 

A 

o 

EH 


Sg.9 3 




C CD 

a* 




tup 
"5 


Ins. 


In*. 


Ins. 


Ins. 


Ins. 


Feet. 


Feet. 


Ins. 


Ins. 


lbs. 


1 


3.142 


0.856 


2.689 


072 


4.460 


3.819 


0.575 


0.785 


0.705 


i* 


3.927 


1.126 


3.474 


0.072 


3.455 


3 056 


960 


1.227 


0.9 


ifc 


4.712 


1.334 


4.191 


0.083 


2.863 


2.547 


1.396 


1.767 


1.250 


i% 


5.598 


1.560 


4.901 


0.095 


2.448 


2.183 


1.911 


2.405 


1.665 


2 


6.283 


1.804 


6.667 


0.098 


2.118 


1.909 


2.556 


2. 42 


1.981 


1% 


7.069 


2.054 


6.484 


0.098 


1.850 


1.698 


3.314 


3.976 


2.233 


2>* 


7.854 


2.283 


7.172 


0.109 


1.673 


1.528 


4.091 


4 939 


2.755 


1% 


8.639 


2.533 


7.957 


0.109 


1.508 


1.390 


6.(39 


5.940 


3.045 


3 


9.425 


2.783 


8.743 


0.109 


1.373 


1.273 


6.083 


7.069 


3333 


3& 


10.210 


3.012 


9.462 


0.119 


1.268 


1.175 


7.125 


8.29s5 


3.953 


3% 


10.9J5 


3.262 


10.248 


0.119 


1.171 


1.091 


8.357 


9.621 


4.^1 


3% 


11.781 


3.512 


11.033 


0.119 


1.0S8 


1.018 


9.637 


11 . 045 


4 59.) 


4 


12.566 


3.741 


11.753 


0.130 


1.023 


0.955 


10.992 


12.566 


5.32) 


4^ 


U.13T 


4.241 


13.323 


0.130 


0.901 


0.849 


14.126 


15.004 


6 Oli 


5 


15.708 


4.72 


14.818 


0140 


0.809 


0.764 


17.497 


19.635 


7.226 


6 


$8,849 


6.699 


17.904 


151 


0.670 


0-637 


25.509 


28.274 


9.346 


7 


21.991 


6.657 


20.914 


0172 


0.674 


0-545 


31.805 


38.484 


12.435 


8 


25.132 


7.636 


23.989 


0.182 


0.500 


0.478 


45.795 


50.265 


15.109 


9 


28.374 


8.615 


27.055 


0.193 


0.444 


0.424 


68.291 


63.617 


18.002 


10 


31.416 


9.573 


30.074 


0.214 


0.399 


0.382 


71.975 


78.540 


22.19 



Ugb-t Wrought Iron Artesian Tube and Casing for Oil 

Wells. 

STANDARD SIZES. 



Outside 


Inside 


Weight per 
Foot, 


Outside 


Inside 


Weight per 


Diameter in 


Diameter in 


Diameter, 


Diameter, 


Foot, 


inches. 


inches. 


Pounds. 


Inches. 


Inches. 


Pounds. 


IX 


1% 


1.665 


4* 


4 


5.500 


2* 


2 


3.238 


4* 


4* 


6.010 


2* 


2* 


3.755 


5 


4X 


7.226 


2X 


2* 


3.045 


5# 


5 


7.667 


3 


2X 


3.333 


W 


5 3-16 


8.083 


3# 


3 


3.»68 


6 


5% 


9.346 


3* 


3* 


4.373 


«x 


6# 


10 064 


3% 


3* 


4.950 


T 


6X 


12.435 


4 


3* 


6.330 


• 


7* 


15.109 








«# 


8* 


16.155 



135 



fSL 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



MACHINE BOLTS 
With Square Heads and Nuts. 

Weight of 100, in Pounds. 



Diamet'r 


i 

4 


5 

1"6~ 


3 


7 
"1 6 




9 
16' 


it 

8 


3 

4 


7 
8 


1 


Length. 






















1* 


4. 


7. 


10.5 


15.2 


22.5 


30. 


39.5 








If 


4.3 


7.5 


11.2 


16.3 


23.8 


31.7 


41.6 








2 


4.7 


8. 


12. 


17.4 


25.1 


33.5 


43.7 


69. 


108. 




H 


5.1 


8.5 


12.7 


18.5 


26.4 


35.2 


45.8 


72. 


112.2 




■a* 


5.5 


9. 


13.5 


19.6 


27.8 


37. 


48. 


75. 


116.5 


175 


2f 


5.7 


9.5 


14.2 


20.7 


29.1 


38.7 


50.1 


78. 


121.7 


180 


3 


6.2 


10. 


15. 


21.8 


30.4 


40.5 


52.2 


81. 


126. 


185 


H 


7. 


11. 


16.5 


24. 


33.1 


44. 


56.5 


87. 


134.2 


196 


4 


7.7 


12. 


18. 


26.2 


35.7 


47.5 


60.7 


93.1 


142.5 


207 


±h 


8.5 


13. 


19.5 


28.4 


38.4 


51. 


65. 


99. 


151. 


218 


5 


9.2 


14. 


21. 


30.6 


41. 


54.5 


69.2 


105.2 


159.5 


229 


H 


10. 


15. 


22.5 


32.8 


43.7 


58. 


73.5 


111.2 


168. 


240 


6 


10.7 


16. 


24. 


35. 


46.3 


61.5 


77.7 


117.3 


176.6 


251 


6} 


11.5 


17. 


25.5 


37.2 


49. 


65. 


82. 


123.3 


185. 


262 


7 


12.2 


18. 


27. 


39.4 


51,6 


68.5 


86.2 


129.4 


193.6 


273 


7* 


13. 


19.2 


28.5 


41.6 


54.3 


72. 


90.5 


135. 


202. 


284 


8 


13.7 


20.7 


30. 


43.8 


59.6 


75.5 


94.7 


141.5 


210.7 


295 


9 






34. 


48.2 


64.9 


82.5 


103.2 


153.6 


227.7 


317 


10 






37.5 


52.6 


70.2 


89.5 


111.7 


165.7 


244.8 


339 


11 






41. 


57. 


75.5 


96.5 


120.2 


177.8 


261.8 


360 


12 






44.5 


61.4 


80.8 


103.5 


128.7 


189.9 


278.9 


382 


13 










86.1 


110.5 


137.2 


202. 


295.9 


404 


14 










91.4 


117.5 


145.7 


214.1 


313. 


426 


15 










96.7 


124.5 


154.2 


226.2 


330. 


448 


16 










102. 


131.5 


162.7 


238.3 


347.1 


470 


17 










107.3 


138.5 


171. 


250.4 


364.1 


492 


18 










112.6 


145.5 


179.5 


262.6 


381.2 


514 


19 










117.9 


152.5 


188. 


274.7 


398.2 


536 


20 










123.2 


159.5 


196.5 


286.8 


415.3 


558 



WEIGHT OF 100 BOLT ENDS. 



IN POUNDS. 



A* 8 
fxlO 

-1 2 6*10 

^xl2 



18 lbs. 


|xl2 


115 lbs. 


1^x13 


460 lbs. 


I|xl7 


34 lbs. 


fxl2 


165 lbs. 


1^x14 


630 lbs. 


l|xl8 


42 lbs. 


^cl2 


230 lbs. 


lfxl5 


850 lbs. 


l|xl9 


71 lbs. 


1 xl2 


310 lbs.l 


1^x16 


1075 lbs. 


2 x20 



1350 lbs. 
1680 lbs. 
1900 lbs. 
2300 lbs. 



136 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



LAG OR WOOD SCREWS. 



Weight of 100, in Pounds. 



Diamet'r 


i% 


3 
8 


n> 


2 


9 
"1 t> 


h. 

8 


4 


7 
8 


1 


Length. 














H 


4.7 


7.1 


9.9 


13.9 












if 


5.2 


7.6 


10.9 


14.9 












2 


5.7 


8.1 


11.6 


15.8 


24. 


26.2 








H 


6.2 


8.7 


12.5 


16.9 


25. 


27.7 








n 


6.7 


9.3 


13.4 


17.9 


26. 


29.2 


46.5 






3 


7.7 


10.6 


15.1 


19.9 


28. 


33.5 


51.5 


73. 




H 


8.7 


11.9 


16.5 


22. 


31. 


36.5 


56.5 


79. 


103. 


4 


9.7 


13.3 


18.6 


24.3 


34. 


39.5 


61.5 


85. 


112. 


n 


10.7 


14.7 


20.4 


26.9 


37. 


42.2 


67. 


91. 


121. 


5 


11.7 


16.1 


22.1 


29. 


40. 


46. 


72.2 


97. 


130. 


H 


12.7 


17.5 


23.8 


31.5 


43. 


49.4 


78. 


103. 


140. 


6 


13.7 


18.9 


25.5 


34. 


46. 


53. 


83.5 


110. 


150. 


7 






29.2 


39. 


52. 


60. 


94. 


125. 


170. 


8 






33. 


44. 


58. 


67.5 


104.5 


140. 


190. 


9 , 








49. 


64. 


75. 


115. 


156. 


210. 


10 








54. 


70. 


82.5 


126. 


172. 


230. 


11 










76. 


90. 


137. 


188. 


250. 


12 










82. 


98. 


148. 


204. 


270. 



GEOMETRICAL DEFINITIONS. 

Angle — An opening between two lines that meet in a point. 
Eight Angle — A straight line perpendicular to another. 
Obtuse Angle — An angle wider than a right angle. 
Acute Angle — An angle less than a right angle. 
Triangle — A figure with three sides and three angles. 
Equilateral Triangle — A triangle having all sides equal. 
Isosceles Triangle— A triangle having two of its sides equal. 
Eight- Angled Triangle — A triangle having one right angle. 
Obtuse-Angled Triangle — A triangle having one obtuse angle. 
Quadrangle or Quadrilateral is a four-sided figure and may be a 

parallelogram, having its opposite sides paralleled. 
Square — Having all its sides equal and all right angles. 
Eectangle — Having a right angle. 

Ehombus or Lozenge — Having all sides equal and no right angles. 
Ehomboid — A parallelogram with no right angles. 
Trapezoid — Having only two sides parallel. 
Polygon — A plain figure having more than four sides. 
Pentagon — Having five sides. 
Hexagon — Having six sides. 
Heptagon — Having seven sides. 
Octagon — Having eight sides. 
Nonagon — Having nine sides. 
Decagon — Having ten sides. 
Eadius is a line extending from the center to the circumference. 

It is one-half of any given diameter. 

137 



1 HOPKINS 7 HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Bails, Splices and Bolts Bequired for One Mle of 

Track, 

Tons of Hails. 

Rule— To find the number of tons (of 2,240 lbs.) of Rail to the mile, divide 
the weight per yard by 7, and multiply it ^y 11, thus: for 55 lb. rail divide 
56 by 7, equal 8, multiplied by 11, equal 88 tons, for one mile of single track. 



Weight of Rail, 
per yard. 


Tons per Mile. 


Weight of Rail, 
per yard. 


Tons 


per Mile. 


12 pounds. 


12 tons 920 pounds. 


45 pounds. 


70 tons 1600 p'nds. 


14 " 


22 " 


48 " 


75 " 


960 " 


16 " 


25 " 320 « 


50 " 


78 " 


1280 " 


18 " 


28 " 640 " 


52 " 


81 " 


1600 " 


20 " 


31 " 960 " 


56 " 


88 " 




22 " 


34 " 1280 " 


57 " 


89 " 


1280 " 


25 " 


39 " 640 " 


60 " 


94 •' 


640 " 


26 " 


40 " 1920 " 


62 " 


37 " 


960 «• 


27 •• 


42 " 960 " 


64 " 


100 " 


12^0 " 


28 " 


44 " 


65 " 


102 " 


320 " 


30 " 


47 " 320 » 


68 «• 


106 " 


1920 " 


33 « 


51 " 1920 " 


70 " 


110 " 




35 « 


55 " 


72 " 


113 " 


320 " 


40 " 


62 " 1920 " 


76 " 


119 « 


960 " 



timber of Bails, Chairs, Joints, Splices and Bolts. 


Length of Rail. 


No. of Rails, 
Chairs or Joints. 


No. of Splices. 


No. of Bolts. 


18 


584 


1,168 


2,336 


20 


628 


1,056 


2,112 


21 


503 


1,<06 


2,012 


22 


480 


960 


1,920 


24 


440 


8S0 


1,760 


25 


422 


814 


1,688 


26 


406 


812 


1,624 


27 


391 


782 


1,564 


28 


877 


754 


1,508 


30 


352 


704 


1,408 



No allowance made for side track in above tables. 



Number of Cross Ties for each Mile of Track. 



Centre to Centre. No. of Ties. 

1% feet 3,520 

\% " 3,017 

2 " 2,640 

2^ " 2,348 



Centre to Centre. No. of Ties 

2^ feet 2,113 

2% " 1,921 

8 " 1,761 



Capacity of a Freight Car. 

A load is nominally 10 tons of 20,000 lbs. The following can be carried « 
Whiskey, 60 bbls.; Bait, 70 bbis.; lime, 70 bbls.; flour, 90 bbls.; eggs, 130 to 
160 bbls.; flour 200 sacks; wood, 6 cords; cattle, 18 to 20 head; hogs, 50 to 
60; sheep, 80 to 100; lumber, 6,000 feet; barley, 300 bushels.^wheat, 340 bush- 
els; flax seed, 360 bushels; apples, 370 bushels; corn, 400 bushels; potatoes, 
430 bushels; oats, 680 bushels; bran, 1,000 bushels; butter, 20,000 lbs. 



138 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



height of a Lineal Foot of Flat Steel in lbs. 



Inch, 



3 

4 
1 

1* 
1* 

It 
l| 

l| 

ll 



2i 

n 

2 f 
n 

3 

H 

H 

3f 

4 

4 1 

*4 

4* 

4f 
5 

H 

4 

6 



M 



.213 
.266 
.319 
.426 
.48 
.533 
.586 
.639 
.693 
.746 
.853 
.906 
.96 
1.013 
1.016 
1.019 
1.173 
1.28 
1.386 
1.493 
1.6 
1.706 
1.813 
1.92 
2.026 
2.133 
2.24 
2.346 
2.453 
2.56 



.426 
.533 
.639 
.853 
.959 
1.066 
1.173 
1.279 
1.386 
1.493 
1.706 
1.813 
1.919 
2.026 
2.133 
2.24 
2.346 
2.56 
2.773 
2.986 
3.199 
3.413 
3.626 
3.84 
4.053 
4.266 
4.48 
4.693 
4.906 
5.12 



H 



.64 

.8 

.959 
1.28 
1.439 
1.6 
1.759 
1.919 
2.079 
2.24 
2.559 
2.719 
2.879 
3.039 
3.199 
3.36 
3.519 
3.84 
4.16 
4.48 
4.799 
5.119 
5.439 
5.76 
6.079 
6.399 
6.72 
7.039 
7.359 
7.68 



1.066 
1.28 
1.706 
1 919 
2.133 
2.346 
2.56 
2.773 
2.986 
3.413 
3.626 
3.84 
4.053 
4.266 
4.48 
4.693 
5.12 
5.546 
5.973 
6.399 
6.826 
7.253 
7.68 
8.106 
8.533 
8.959 
9.386 
9.813 
10.24 



% % 



1.6 

2.133 

2.399 

2.666 

2.933 

3.199 

3.466 

3.733 

4.266 

4.533 

4.799 

5.066 

5.333 

5.6 

5.866 

6.4 

6.933 

7.466 

7.999 

8.533 

9.066 

9.6 

10.133 

10.666 

11.199 

11.733 

12.266 

12.8 



2.559 
2.879 
3.200 
8.519 
3.84 
4.16 
4 479 
5.119 
5.439 
5.76 
6.079 
6.399 
6.72 
7.039 
7.68 
8.319 
8.95 
9.599 
10.239 
10.879 
11.52 
12.159 
12.799 
13.44 
14.079 
14.719 
15.36 



3.84 
4.266 
4 693 
5.119 
5.546 
5.973 
6.826 
7.253 
7.68 
8.106 
8.533 
8.96 
9.386 
10.24 
11.093 
11.946 
12.799 
13.653 
14.506 
15.36 
16.213 
17.066 
17.919 
18.773 
19.626 
20.48 



Number of Brass Escutcheon Pins in a Pound. 



12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
17 
18 
19 
20 



1,875 
2,440 
3,100 
3,540 
4,972 
7,303 
9,932 



3 

9 


j. 



650 
948 
1,100 
1,376 
1,720 
2,076 
2,550 
4,130 
6.374 


f I 

460 
672 
950 
1,152 
1,460 
1,812 
2,450 
3,565 
5,500 


3 

4 

416 

528 

830 

960 

1,275 

1,500 

2,200 

2,900 

4,155 


l 

8 

400 

480 

692 

888 

1,130 

1,185 

1,740 


1 


U 


1* 


If 


2 


720 
1,120 
1,312 
1,820 
2,240 
2,700 
3,175 
5,140 
8,419 


336 
400 
600 
720 
980 
1,051 
1,520 


272 
380 
432 
576 
720 
928 
1,216 


212 
320 
378 
580 
592 
800 
960 


192 
229 
320 
432 

578 
640 


170 
220 
272 
400 
464 















(39 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WEIGHT OF ONE FOOT OF BAR STEEL 


ROUND. 


SQUARE. 


OCTAGON. 


Diarci. In. 


Lbs. 


Side In. 


Lbs. 


Diam. In. 


Lbs, 


K 


.166 


K 


.213 


K 


.84 


% 


.375 


% 


.479 


% 


1.23 


K 


.667 


K 


.855 


% 


1.75 


X 


1.04 


% 


1.33 


K 


2.25 


X 


1.50 


K 


1.91 


1 


2.75 


% 


2.05 


% 


2.61 


IK 


3.66 


1 


2.67 


1 


3.40 


IK • 


4.55 


IK 


3.38 


m 


4.34 


1% 


5.50 


IK 


4.17 


IK 


5. 32 


1# 


6.45 


1% 


5.05 


i% 


6.44 


1% 


7.75 


1* 


O.OO 


IK 


7.61 


1% 


9.20 


1* 


7.05 


1 5 /b 


9.00 


1% 


10.04 


IK 


8.17 


1% 


10.44 


2 


11.60 


1% 


9.38 


1% 


11. 9*8 


01/ 


13.14 


2 


10.68 


2 


13.63 


2K 


14.75 


2K 


12.04 


2% 


15.35 


2% 


16.40 


2K 


13.51 


ZK 


17.20 


2K 


17.85 


2% 


15.05 


2% 


19.17 


2% 


19.50 


2# 


16.68 


ZK 


21.20 


2% 


21.25 


2% 


18.43 


2% 


23.30 


2% 


22.69 


2% 


20.19 


2% 


25.70 


3 


25.00 


2% 


22.00 


2% 


27.74 






3 


24.03 


3 


30.60 






3# 


26.12 


3^ 


33.18 






3# 


28.20 


3# 


35.90 






3% 


30.45 


3% 


38.78 






3# 


32.70 


*K 


41.65 






3^ 


35.12 


Z S A 


44.17 






3* 


37.54 


3^ 


46.70 






4 


42.71 


4 


54.40 






4# 


48.22 


*K 


61.40 






4X 


54.06 


*K 


68.85 






5 


66.75 


6 


85.00 









GENUINE RUSSIA SHEET IRON. 




SIZE. 


WEIGHT PER 
SHEET. 


WIRE GAUGE. 


No. 7 


28x56 in. 

1 i 
(( 
(( 

u 
I i 
« i 
'(( 

(i 

( ( 


Gi lbs. 
71- lbs. 

8 lbs. 

9 lbs. 
10 lbs. 
lOf- lbs. 
ll| lbs. 

12*r lbS. 

13 £ lbs. • 
144- lbs. 


No. 29 


No. 8 


No. 28 


No. 9 


No. 27 


No. 10 


No. 26 


No. 11 


No. 25 


No. 12 


No. 24£ 


No. 13 


No. 24 


No. 14 


No. 23£ 


No. 15 


No. 22| 


No. 16 


No. 2U 



Average weight per bundle, 240 pounds. 



AMERICAN (IMITATION) RUSSIA SHEET IRON. 



No. Wire Gauge. 
24 
25 
26 
27 



Size sheets — inches. 
28x60 
28x60 
28x60 
28x60 



T7t. per sheet, lbs. 

Hi 

lOJr 

9} 



140 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Tempering Steel. 

(Raswell.) 

Steel in its hardest state being too brittle for most purposes, the requisite 
strength and elasticity are obtained by tempering — or letting dovm the temper 
as it is termed — which is performed by heating the hardened steel to a cer- 
tain degree and cooling it quickly. The requisite heat is usually ascertained 
by the color which the surface of the Steel assumes from the film of oxide 
thus formed. 

The degrees of heat to which these several colors correspond are as follows: 

At 430, a very faint yellow. (Suitable for hard instruments ; as hammer- 

At 450, a pale straw color. . ( faces, drills, &c. 

At 470, a full yellow (For instruments requiring hard edges without 

At 490, a brown color 1 elasticity;asshears,8ci8sors,turningtools,&c 

At spo?s. br0Wn ' **?- PUPPle J For - t00l8 » - f or cutting.wood and soft metals ; 
At 530, ' 



*Durt)ie 1 sucn as plane-irons, knives, &c. 

Ar^O dark hlnp (For tools requiring strong edges, without ex- 

ifsRn' £niiw,?! < treme hardness ; as cold-chisels, axes, cut- 

At560, fullblue ( lery, &c. 

At 600, grayish blue, verg- /For spring-temper, which will bend before 

ing on black ( breaking ; as saws, sword-blades, &c. 

If the steel is heated higher than this, the effect of the hardening process 

is destroyed. 

It Has Been Stated 

That the temperature of furnaces &c, may be estimated with considerable 
accuracy by the color of the fire, and that with a little practice the error at 
very high temperatures will not exceed 90", or 100°, and the following table 
contains the result of observations with an air thermometer . 



Temperature, 
Color of Fire. Degrees F. 

Red, just visible 977 

" dull 1,290 

" cherry,dull 1,470 

" " full 1,650 

" « clear 1,830 



Temperature, 
Color of Fire. degrees F. 

Orange, deep 2,010 

" clear 2,190 

White heat 2,370 

" bright 2^50 

" dazzling 2,73b 



Effect of Heat on Yarious Bodies. 



Degrees 

Ammonia boils 140 

Ammonia (liquid) freezes — 46 

Antimony melts " 951 

Arsenic melt? 365 

Bismuth melts 476 

Blood (human) heat of 98 

" " freezes 25 

Brandy freezes........ —7 

Brass melts 1,9G0 

Cadmium melts 600 

Coal Tar boils 325 

Cold, greatest artificial — 166 

" greatest natural — 56 

Common Fire 790 

Copper melts . 2,548 

Glass melts 2,377 

Gold (fine) melts 2,590 

Gutta-percha softens 1 45 

Heat, cherry red l,50u 

" " (Daniel) 1,141 

" brightred 1,860 

" red, visible by day 1,077 

" white 2,900 

Ice melts 32 

Iron (cast) melts 3,479 

(wrought) melts 3,980 



Degrees. 

Iron, bright red in the dark. . . 752 

" red not in twilight 884 

Lead melts 504 

Mercury boils n 662 

" volatilizes 680 

" freezes —39 

Naphtha boils 186 

Petroleum boils 306 

Platinum melts 3,080 

Potassium melts 135 

Proof Spirit freezes — 7 

Saltpetre melts 600 

Sea-water freezes 28 

Silver (fine) melts 1,250 

Snow and Salt, equal parts. 

Spirits of Terpentine freezes. 14 

Steel melts 2,500 

. " polished, blue 580 

'" " straw color 460 

Strong Wines freeze 20 

Sulphur melts 226 

SulphAcid(sp.gravl,641)freezes — 45 

Tin melts 421 

Viuous fermentation 60 to 7T 

"Water in vacuo boils 98 

Zinc melts T40 



The sign — before the figures indicates that many degrees beiow zero or o. 



\A\ 



PATENT EYE SASH WEIGHTS 



H 
n 



CO 

H 
H 



CO 
CO 

H 






H 



W. A. Ross & Brother, 56 Pine St., New York. 



SEE L.IST ON OPPOSITE PAGE. 



Lake and Clinton Streets, Chicago, 111. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

A 
N 
D 

COMPRESSED LEAD S1SI WEIQITS. 







M 

o 

CO 




H 
Q 

(In 
O 




■pi l 

S' 1 II II is 

will 



GO 
H 

GQ 
O 



Orders Filled at Sight. 



Ifijlff 

Send for Circulars and Prices. 



HOPKIN S mm! MOTES AND (JU ER1ES. 



BUILDERS' REFERENCE TABLES. 



Size of Class in Windows. 



12 Lights. 



8 Lights. 4 Lights 



Size of Sash 
and Frame. 



8x10 


12 xlO 


12 x20 


2.4 x3.10 


8x12 


12 xl2 


12 x24 


2.4 x4.6 


9x12 


13^x12 


13^x24 


2.7 x4.6 


9x13 


13^x13 


13^x26 


2.7 x4.10 


9x14 


13^x14 


13^x28 


2.7 x5.2 


9x15 


13^x15 


13^x30 


2.7 x5.6 


9x16 


13^x16 


13^x32 


2.7 x5.10 


10x12 


15 xl2 


15 x24 


2.10x4.6 


10x14 


15 xl4 


15 x28 


2.10x5.2 


10x15 


15 xl5 


15 x30 


2.10x5.6 


10x16 


15 xl6 


15 x32 


2.10x5.10 


10x18 


15 xl8 


15 x36 


2.10x6.6 


10x20 


15 x20 


15 x40 


2.10x7.2 


11x14 


16^x14 


16^x28 


3.1 x5.2 


11x15 


16|xl5 


16^x30 


3.1 x5.6 


11x16 


16£xl6 


16£x32 


3.1 x5.10 


11x17 


16£xl7 


16^x34 


3.1 x6.2 


11x18 


16^x18 


16^x36 


3.1 x6.6 


12x14 


18 xl4 


18 x28 


3.4 x5.2 


12x15 


18 xl5 


18 x30 


3.4 x5.6 


12x16 


18 xl6 


18 x32 


3.4 x5.10 


12x18 


18 xl8 


18 x36 


3.4 x6.6 


12x20 


18 x20 


18 x40 


3.4 x7.2 


12x24 


18 x24 


18 x48 


3.4 x8.6 



Weights. 

n i u 



Lbs. 
4 

5 

5* 
5* 
5£ 
6 

6 
6 
6* 

7 
8 
6 

6* 

7 

7 

H 

7 

7* 



Lbs. 
5 
5 

5£ 

6* 
6 

6* 

6* 
6 

7 

7* 

8 
9 

7 

7* 
8 
8 
8i 

7i 
8 

8* 

12 



One Hank of Sash Cord will hang 16 Weights. Each Hank. 
Measures 75 feet and weighs about 2 1-4 lbs. 





SASH WEIGHTS 


. — Standard Size List. 


> 




Inches Inches 




Inches 


Inches 




Inches 


Inches 


LBS. 


diam'r 


length 


LBS, 


diam'r 


length 


LBS. 


diam'r 


length 


2 




H 


9 


IA 


18 


18 




25£ 


2* 


10 


9k 


iA 


19£ 


19 


2 


24} 


3 


iA 


n 


10 


if 


19 


20 


2 


25£ 


3* 


h\ 


n 


lOi 


if 


19f 
20| 


21 


2 


27£ 


4 


IA 


12 


II 


if 


22 


2 


28 


4* 


IA 


13 


iii 


if 


19 


23 


2 


30 


5 


IA 


13 


12 


if 


20 


24 


2 


31 


h 


IA 


14 


121 


i 

if 


21 


25 


2 


32 


6 


IA 


14 i 


13 


22 


26 


2 


33 


<Hr 


IA 


15i 

16} 


14 


23£ 


27 


2 


35 


7 


iA 


IB 


if 


25 


28 


2 


37 


7* 


if 


17 


16 


23^ 


29 


2 


38 


8 


l* 


17f 
17| 


17 


24£ 


30 


2 


39± 


8i 


iA 


1 













2-lb. to 20-lb. Patent Eye. 21-lb. to 30-lb. Solid Eye. 
Sizes not on List, and Square Weights, half-cent per lb. extra. 

143 




IMPORTERS — 

ENGLISH and FRENCH PLATE GLASS, 

FRENCH WINDOW GLASS. 

FRENCH PICTURE GLASS. 

FRENCH CAR GLASS. 
ENAMELED GLASS, 

GROUND GLASS, 

CATHEDRAL GLASS. 

RUBY, BLUE, GREEN, ORANGE and PURPLE GLASS. 

SHARRATT & NEWTH'S ENGLISH GLAZIERS' DIAMONDS. 

—ALSO— 

American Plate Glass. American Window Glass. 
Floor and Skylight Glass. Embossed and Cut Glass, 

All kinds of Glass Cut to any Size and Shap3 required. Estimates furnished. 

HOLBROOK BROTHERS, 

87 & 89 Beekman, and 53 & 55 Cliff Streets, 
mew 70hz crnr. 



HOPKINS 1 HANDY NOTES' AND QUERIES. 



WINDOW GLASS. 

FRENCH OR AMERICAN. 



No. op Lights per Box op 50 Feet. 



6 


by 8 


150 


13 


by 20 


28 


16 by 54 


8 


24 by 30 


10 


3 2 by 36 


6 


6X 


" 8tf 


130 


13 


it 


22 


25 


16 «* 60 


8 


24 " 32 


10 


32 '• 


38 


6 


7 


" 9 


115 


13 


II 


24 


23 


18 " 20 


20 


24 " 34 


9 


32 '• 


40 


6 


8 


" 10 


90 


13 


II 


26 


21 


18 " 20 


18 


24 " 36 


9 


32 " 


42 


6 


8X 


« 10X 


81 


13 


II 


28 


20 


18 " 24 


17 


24 " 38 


8 


32 " 


44 


5 


8 


" 11 


82 


13 


II 


30 


19 


18 " 26 


16 


24 " 40 


8 


32 " 


48 


5 


8 


" 12 


75 


13 


tl 


32 


17 


18 " 28 


14 


24 " 42 


7 


32 «< 


50 


5 


9 


" 11 


73 


14 


(1 


15 


34 


18 " 30 


14 


24 " 46 


7 


32 " 


56 


4 


9 


« 12 


67 


14 


(1 


16 


32 


18 " 32 


13 


24 " 48 


6 


32 " 


60 


4 


9 


« 13 


62 


14 


11 


17 


31 


18 " 34 


12 


24 " 50 


6 


32 « 


66 


3 


9 


" 14 


57 


14 


II 


18 


29 


18 " 36 


11 


24 " 54 


6 


34 " 


36 


6 


9 


" 15 


53 


14 


II 


20 


26 


18 '« 38 


11 


24 •« 56 


5 


34 " 


40 


6 


9 


" 16 


50 


14 


II 


22 


24 


18 " 40 


10 


24 " 60 


5 


34 k ' 


44 


5 


9 


" 18 


45 


14 


It 


24 


22 


18 " 42 


10 


24 «* 66 


5 


34 " 


46 


5 


10 


" 12 


60 


14 


II 


26 


20 


18 •« 44 


9 


26 " 28 


10 


34 " 


48 


5 


10 


11 13 


55 


14 


(1 


28 


19 


18 " 46 


9 


26 " 30 


9 


84 «« 


50 


4 


10 


11 14 


52 


14 


II 


30 


17 


18 " 50 


8 


26 " 32 


9 


04 << 


54 


4 


10 


"15 


48 


14 


II 


32 


16 


18 " 52 


8 


26 " 34 


8 


34 " 


56 


4 


10 


" 16 


45 


14 


II 


34 


15 


18 " 56 


7 


26 " '36 


8 


34 " 


60 


4 


10 


" IT 


43 


14 


II 


36 


14 


18 " 60 


7 


26 •' 38 


7 


34 « 


66 


3 


10 


" 18 


40 


14 


II 


38 


14 


20 " 22 


16 


26 »« 42 


7 


36 «■ 


40 


5 


10 


" 20 


36 


14 


11 


40 


13 


20 " 24 


15 


26 «« 44 


6 


36 " 


44 


5 


10 


11 22 


33 


14 


a 


42 


12 


20 " 26 


14 


26 «« 48 


6 


36 " 


46 


4 


10 


*« 24 


30 


14 


t< 


44 


12 


20 " 28 


13 


26 " 50 


6 


36 " 


48 


4 


10 


'« 26 


28 


14 


It 


46 


11 


20 " 30 


12 


26 i' 52 


5 


36 " 


50 


4 


10 


M 28 


26 


15 


11 


16 


30 


20 " 32 


11 


26 '* 54 


5 


36 » 


54 


4 


10 


" 30 


24 


15 


14 


18 


27 


20 " 34 


11 


26 *•■ 58 


5 


36 " 


56 


4 


11 


« 12 


55 


15 


II 


20 


24 


20 " 36 


10 


26 •« 60 


5 


36 " 


60 


3 


11 


" 13 


51 


15 


II 


22 


22 


20 " 38 


10 


28 " 30 


9 


36 -ii 


64 


3 


11 


ti 14 


47 


15 


II 


24 


20 


20 «« 40 


9 


28 i« 32 


8 


36 " 


66 


3 


11 


" 15 


44 


15 


II 


26 


19 


20 " 42 


9 


28 i« 34 


8 


36 'i 


70 


3 


11 


11 16 


41 


15 


II 


2? 


17 


20 " 44 


8 


28 «' 36 


7 


38 '1 


40 


5 


11 


" 17 


39 


15 


• I 


30 


16 


20 " 48 


S 


28 <' 40 


7 


38 ii 


42 


5 


11 


" 18 


37 


15 


II 


H2 


15 


20 " 50 


7 


28 »' 42 


6 


38 ii 


44 


4 


11 


" 20 


33 


15 


li 


34 


14 


28 " 54 


7 


28 «' 46 


6 


38 " 


52 


4 


11 


" 22 


30 


15 


11 


36 


13 


20 " 58 


6 


28 »« 50 


5 


38 « 


56 


3 


11 


11 24 


27 


15 


11 


38 


13 


20 " 64 


6 


28 •« 56 


5 


38 " 


62 


3 


12 


" 13 


'46 


15 


11 


40 


12 


22 " 24 


14 


28 '< 60 


4 


38 ii 


66 


3 


12 


i« 14 


43 


16 


It 


16 


28 


22 " 26 


13 


28 «* 66 


4 


40 i' 


40 


4 


12 


" 15 


40 


16 


II 


18 


25 


22 " 28 


12 


30 '' 30 


8 


40 ii 


42 


4 


12 


" 16 


38 


16 


it 


20 


23 


22 " 30 


11 


30 •« 32 


8 


40 ii 


44 


4 


12 


ii 17 


35 


16 


li 


22 


21 


22 " 32 


10 


30 •' 34 


7 


40 ii 


50 


4 


12 


•• 18 


S4 


16 


11 


24 


19 


22 " 34 


10 


30 i« 38 


7 


40 'i 


54 


3 


12 


" 20 


30 


16 


11 


26 


17 


22 " 36 


9 


30 «' 40 


6 


40 ii 


60 


3 


12 


" 22 


2T 


16 


11 


28 


16 


22 " 38 


9 


30 <■' 44 


6 


40 '1 


66 


3 


12 


" 24 


25 


16 


11 


30 


15 


22 " 49 


8 


30 " 46 


5 


40 'i 


72 


3 


12 


" 26 


23 


16 


ti 


32 


14 


22 " 42 


8 


30 •' 48 


5 


42 ii 


42 


4 


12 


" 28 


22 


16 


ii 


34 


13 


22 " 44 


7 


30 •' 50 


5 


42 '1 


48 


4 


12 


" 30 


20 


16 


li 


36 


13 


22 " 48 


7 


30 i* 52 


5 


42 •' 


52 


3 


12 


" 32 


19 


16 


li 


38 


12 


22 " 50 


7 


30 " 54 


4 


42 ii 


62 


3 


12 


" 34 


18 


16 


ii 


40 


11 


22 «« 52 


6 


30 " 56 


4 


42 '1 


68 


3 


12 


" 36 


17 


16 


ii 


42 


11 


22 " 56 


6 


30 " 60 


4 


44 " 


46 


4 


13 


ii 14 


40 


16 


n 


44 


10 


22 " 60 


5 


30 *' 64 


4 


44 ii 


50 


3 


13 


" 15 


37 


16 


a 


46 


10 


24 " 24 


12 


30 « 66 


4 


44 ii 


56 


3 


H 


4i 16 


35 


16 


ii 


48 


9 


24 " 26 


12 


30 « 70 


3 


46 ii 


54 


3 


13 


M 18 


31 


16 


ii 


52 


9 


24 " 28 


11 


32 i* 34 


7 


46 'I 


64 


3 



145 



A. B. & W. T. WESTERVELT, 

102 Chambers Street, 

Corner Church Street, NEW YORK, 

Him Woi 



— HANTJFACTUKEBS OF — 



Ornamental boa, 

COPPER WEATHER TARES AND 

NEWEST AND MOST APPROVED DESIGNS. 

f ROUG-HT AND CAST IRON 

RAILINGS. 

DOOR AND WINDOW 



ANNERETS, 



PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL 

Driveway Gates. 

WIRE WORK 

of every description for Banks, 
Offices, <fcc. 




8IATUABY. 

Chairs and Settees. 

TABLES. 

IRON AD BRASS 
BEDSTEADS. 

COPPER AND GALVANIZED IRON 

LIGHTNING HODS. 

CAST IRON 

Crestings, Finals, 

AND 

Bannerets, 



For Houses, Churches, Towers 
and Public Buildings. 



Lamps^LampPosts. 

FOUNTAINS. 
AQUARIA. 

FOUNTAIN JETS. 

Hand and Horse Lain lowers anil Garden Rollers. 

GALVANIZED RAILINGS EOR CEMETERY ENCLOSURES. 
Emblematic Signs for Various Trades. 

Iron Brass and Mel Plated Stable Fittinp, 

Gnard.r DCS AS ^H— k. Hoal^Ti. Rings. 

Mangers, WmZ-.mmHk Water Troughs, 

Hacks, 



Gutters, 

Posts, 




Wood Covered 

Brackets, 
Whip Racks, &c. &c- 



Special attention given to Architects' Drawings* 

Illustrated Catalogues furnished to Architects, Builders, and the Trade. 

Office & Warerooms, 102 CHAMBERS ST., cor. Church, New York. 



HOPKINS' HAITOY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



ROOFING SLATE. 

GENERAL BULE FOB THE COMPUTATION OP SLATE. 

From the length of th3 slate take three inches, or as 
many as the third covers the first ; divide the remainder by 
2, and multiply the quotient by the -width of the slate, and 
the product will be the number of square inches in a single 
slate. Divide the number of square inches thus procured 
by 144, the number of square inches in a square foot, and 
the quotient will be the number of feet and inches required. 
A square of slate is what will cover 100 feet square, when 
properly laid upon the roof. 



TA 


BUS OP SIZES AND NUMBEB OP SLATES IN ONE SQUABE. 




»g 




a> ,• 




*S 




a 6 


rt 5 


35 


s s 


rt S 


a as 


=3 ij 


S 


.2 a) 


*+ 0) 


02 


•r* <U 


02 S 


•" Q 


QQ Cl 


.,-. o 


02 3 


«D^3 




o ■& 


«w & 


©^ 




a>"£J 




•Sg 


O02 


•Sfl 


O02 


JS§ 


C0Q 


•2 a 


OC2 


DCM 


°S 


CGm 


°'2 


02>H 


d* 


6Qm 


6" 




&. a 




fc.H 




fcij 




&.s 


6x12 


' 533 


9x14 


291 


10x18 


192 


11x22 


137 


7x12 


457 


10x14 


261 


11x18 


174 


12x22 


125 


8x12 


400 


12x14 


218 


12x18 


160 


14x22 


1G8 


9x12 


355 


8x16 


277 


14x18 


137 


12x24 


114 


10x12 


320 


9x16 


246 


10x20 


169 


14x24 


98 


12x12 


246 


10x16 


221 


11x20 


154 


16x24 


86 


7x14 


:-.74 


12x16 


155 


12x20 


741 


14x26 


89 


8x14 


3*7 


9x18 


213 I 


14x20 


121 


16x26 


78 



The weight of a square of Slate is estimated in a general 
way (varying according to the thickness of the different 
makes) at from 600 to 700 lbs. per square. 

A square of Slate is 100 superficial feet. 

Gauge is distance between the courses of the slates. 

Lap is distance which each slate overlaps the slate lengthwise 
next but one below it, and it varies from 2 to 4 inches. The 
standard is assumed to be 3 inches. 

Margin is width of course exposed or distance between tails 
of slate. 

Pitch of a slate roof should not be less than 1 in height to 4 in 
breadth. 

Length of a slate is taken from nail-hole to tail. 

Thickness of slates ranges from \ to -fV inch. 



7.25 9.06 10?87 14.5 lbs. 



WEIGHT PEE SQUARE FOOT. 

Thickness £ ft i ' ! _1 

Weight 1.81 2.71 3.62 5.43 

Weight per cubic foot, 174 pounds. 

It requires, on account of laps, an average of nearly 2£ square 
feet of slate to make one of slating. 



147 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Number of Slate in any Number of Squares 

CAN BE CALCULATED FROM THE FOLLOWING TABLE. 



* The left-hand column is size of slate ; the figures at the top are the 
number of squares; the columns of figures are the number of pieces of 

slate. 



6 

24x1 

24x1* 

24x12 

22x14 

22x12 

22x11 

20x14 

20x12 

20x11 

20x10 

18x12 

18x10 

18x 9 

10x12 

10x10 

lOx 9 

lOx 8 

14x14 

14x12 

14x10 

14x 9 

14x 8 

14x 7 

12x12 

12x10 

12x 8 

12x 7 

12x 6 



h 


1 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


SQ. 


SQ. 


SQ. 


SQ. 


SQ. 


SQ. 


SQ. 


SQ. 


SQ. 


SQ. 


SQ. 


SQ. 


SQ. 


SQ. 


SQ. 


43 


85 


171 


258 


343 


428 


515 


600 


685 


772 


857 


943 


1029 


1115 


1200 


49 


98 


196 


294 


392 


490 


588 


686 


783 


881 


979 


1077 


1175 


1273 


1371 


58 


115 


229 


343 


457 


571 


686 


800 


914 


1029 


1143 


1257 


1371 


1485 


1600 


54 


108 


217 


325 


434 


542 


650 


758 


866 


975 


1083 


1191 


1300 


1408 


1516 


63 


126 


253 


379 


505 


631 


758 


884 


1011 


1137 


1263 


1389 


1515 


1642 


1768 


69 


137 


276 


413 


551 


689 


826 


965 


1102 


1240 


1378 


1515 


1653 


1791 


1929 


61 


121 


242 


363 


484 


605 


726 


847 


968 


1089 


1210 


1331 


1452 


1573 


1694 


71 


141 


282 


424 


565 


706 


847 


988 


1129 


1271 


1412 


1552 


1694 


1835 


1976 


77 


154 


308 


462 


616 


770 


924 


1078 


1232 


1386 


1540 


1694 


1848 


2002 


2156 


85 


170 


339 


508 


678 


847 


1017 


1186 


1356 


1525 


1694 


1863 


2032 


2202 


2371 


80 


160 


320 


480 


640 


800 


960 


1120 


1280 


1440 


1600 


1760 


1920 


2080 


2240 


96 


192 


384 


576 


768 


960 


1152 


1344 


1536 


1728 


1920 


2112 


2304 


2496 


2688 


107 


213 


426 


640 


853 


1066 


1280 


1493 


1706 


1920 


2133 


2346 


2560 


2773 


2986 


93 


185 


370 


554 


739 


924 


1108 


1293 


1477 


1662 


1847 


2031 


2216 


2400 


2585 


111 


222 


443 


664 


886 


1107 


1329 


1550 


1772 


1993 


2215 


2436 


2658 


2880 


3101 


123 


246 


492 


738 


985 


1231 


1477 


1723 


1969 


2215 


2461 


2707 


2953 


3200 


3446 


138 


276 


554 


831 


1108 


1385 


1662 


1938 


2215 


2492 


2769 


3046 


3323 


3600 


3876 


94 


187 


374 


561 


748 


935 


1122 


1309 


1496 


1683 


1870 


2057 


2244 


2431 


2618 


109 


218 


437 


654 


872 


1091 


1310 


1527 


1745 


1963 


2182 


2400 


2618 


2836 


3054 


131 


262 


524 


785 


1048 


1309 


1570 


1833 


2094 


2356 


2618 


2880 


3141 


2403 


3665 


145 


290 


581 


872 


1163 


1454 


1745 


2036 


2326 2618 


2909 


3200 


3490 


3781 


4072 


164 


327 


655 


982 


1309 


1636 


1964 


2291 


2618 2946 


3273 


3600 


3927 


4254 


4581 


187 


374 


748 


1122 


1496 


1870 


2244 


2618 


2992 3366 


3740 


4114 


4488 


4862 


5236 


134 


267 


534 


800 


1067 


1334 


1600 


1867 


2133 2400 


2667 


2934 


3200 


3467 


3734 


160 


320 


640 


960 


1280 


1600 


1920 


2240 


2559 2879 


3200 


3520 


3840 


4160 


4480 


200 


400 


800 


1200 


1600 


2000 


2400 


2800 


3200:3600 


4000 


4400 


4800 


5200 


5600 


229 


457 


914 


1371 


1828 


2285 


2743 


3200 


3657(4114 


4571 


502* 


5485 


5942 


6399 


267 


533 


1067 


1600 


2134 


2667 


3200 


3734 


4267 


4800 


5334 


5S67 


6400 


6934 


7437 



Standard Rules for Measuring* Slate Roofing". 



These rules are recognized and followed by roofers and architects 
wherever slate-roofing is used, and in all standard works on the subject: 
Fob plain roof — Measure the length of the roof and multiply by the 
length of the rafter. Fob boof with hips, valleys, gables, x>obmers< 
etc.— Measure each section through center and multiply length of rafter ; 
and, in addition to the actual surface of roof, measure the length of all 
hips and valleys by one foot wide. The extra measure on hips and valleys 
is intended to compensate for extra labor and loss of material in cutting, 
fitting and laying same. No deduction is made for dormer windows, sky- 
lights, chimneys, etc., unless they measure more than four feet square. 
If more than four feet square and less than eight feet square, deduct one- 
half. If more than eight feet square, deduct the whole. If hips are mitred, 
charge extra. The carpenter should furnish cant strips. 



149 



CLIFFS S. H. WAGON SPRINGS. 




SHOWING APPLICATION TO BOLSTER. 



1000 Lbs. Capacity.. .$4.7 5 3000 Lbs. Capacity... $7. 00 
1500 Lbs. Capacity.. .$5.00 4000 Lbs. Capacity.. .$8.00 
2000 Lbs. Capacity... $6. 00 6000 Lbs. Capacity... $10. 00 
8000 Lbs. Capacity. $12.00. 



Cliff's R. H. Wagon Bolster Springs 

are: the best in the world- 

They are made of Best Crucible Steel. 

They are All Complete, ready to drop onto the wagon. 

They are Adjustable to any Width of Bolster. 
They have the Slow, Easy Motion that is absolutely necessary to carry fruits 
and produce in perfect condition. 

They Will Save 20 Per Cent, in wear and tear on wagon and team. 

Every Set of Springs will carry its marked capacity. 
Springs are Warranted Against Detects of material and workmanship. 

SOLID ETrZE^-STTT^IHCIEZRE- 



TITUS & BABCOCK, 

Manufacturers' Agents, - Rochester, N. Y. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



POWDER AND SAFETY FUSE. 

Sporting Powder is packed in 5 sizes of grain running from F (coars- 
est), FF, FG, FFG, FFFG (finest), the sizes in greatest demand being FG 
and FFG. 

Blasting Powder. — "A Blasting " is packed in 8 sizes of grain, TP 
(coarsest), TPG, F, FF, FG, FFG, FFFG, FFFFG (finest), the last size being 
especially adapted for use in Granite quarries. 

"5 Blasting" has 6 sizes of grain, G (coarsest), TP, TPG, F, FF, FFF 
(finest). It is glazed unless otherwise ordered. 

Shipping Powder (extra strength) is packed in six sizes of grain, TPG 
(coarsest), F, FF, FG, FFG, FFFG (finest). 

SAFETY FUSE 

Is of 8 qualities : Hemp,Cotton, Superior Mining, Single-Taped, Double- 
Taped, Triple-Taped, Small Gutta Percha, Large Gutta Percha, the quali- 
ties in greatest demand being Cotton and Single-Taped. 

12 inches of Hemp Fuse will burn out in about 9 seconds. 
12 " Cotton Fuse " " 15 " 

12 " Single-Taped Fuse •« " 18 " 

12 " Double-Taped Fuse " " 20 " 

Taped Fuse is made to resist influence of water and severe tamping. 
Safety Fuse is packed in barrels, each barrel containing a uniform 
number of feet, viz. : 

Cotton Fuse 14,000 feet in each barrel. 

Hemp 10,000 " " 

Single-Tape Fuse 8,000 " " 

Double-Tape Fuse 7,000 " " 

Triple-Tape Fuse 5,000 " " 

ATLAS POWDER. 

Pat up in cartridges of either 6 or 8 inches in length, and from y % of 
an inch to 2 inches in diameter, and packed in 25-lb., 50-lb. short and 50- 
lb. long boxes (the last, for convenience in handling, contain the powder in 
five 10-lb. paper boxes plaeed inside of the wood box.) 

Boxes marked E contain 20 per cent. Nitro-Glycerine Powder 
<t u E-'— " 25 " " " " 

«< u r\ n gQ •< u u 11 

ii ii D- 1 - " 35 " " " " 

ti it f\ it in it «i it ii 

ii ii C— I— " 45 " " " " 

it it a if 50 " " " " 

ft tt B— I— " 60 " '* " " 

tt it a ft 75 it ii ti ft 



Taking "Atlas C Powder "as a standard, a single cartridge of that 
grade will weigh in ounces, according to its diameter and length, as fol- 
lows : 





(Weight in Ounces 




Weight in Ounces 


Size of Cartridge 


of 


Size of Cartridge. 


of 




each Cartridge. 




each Cartridge. 


% X6 


3K 


%X8 


** 


X6 


*H 


1 X 8 


5^ 


1^X6 


5% 


1KX8 


*% 


1^X6 


6% 


IX X 8 


8 


1^X6 


9% 


1XX8 


12^ 


IX X 6 


13# 


1^X8 


16 


'2 X 6 


16H 


2 X8 


20 



Note. — For low r grades, reduce weight of Cartridge ; for higher grades 
increase weight of cartridge. 



151 



HOPKIIISMAfDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



WORKSHOP RECIPES. 

Cement to Resist Fire and 'Water, and Harden Quickly* 

Two parts finely sifted unoxodized iron filings. 
One part, perfectly dry, finely powdered loam. 

Knead the mixture with strong vinegar into a homogeneous plastic mass, 
to be used as soon as made. 

To Soften Putty. 

To remove old putty from broken windows, dip a small brush in nitro- 
muriatic acid or caustic soda (concentrated lye), and with it annoint or 
paint over the dry putty that adheres to the broken glass and frames of your 
windows ; after an hours interval, the putty will have become so soft as to 
be easily removable. 

Painter's Putty. 

Spanish whiting, pulverized 80.6)^^°* £££]*■&„.? DOt 

Boiled Oil t K 20.4} a t SSSd f S *S* dl * te U86 ' ^ 

One pound of putty for stopping every 20 yards. 

Glazier's Putty. 

"Whiting, 70 pounds ; boiled oil, 30 pounds ; water, 2 gallons. Mix. If 
too thin add more whiting ; if too thick, add more oil. 

Cement for Stopping Joints, Etc. 

White lead in oil, mixed with enough white sand to make it a stiff paste. 
This grows hard by exposure, and resists heat, cold and water. 

Cement for Leather Belting*. 

Take of common glue and American isinglass, equal parts ; place them 
in a boiler and add water sufficient to cover the whole. Let it soak 10 
honrs, then bring it to a boiling heat, and add pure tannin until the whole 
becomes ropey or appears like the whites of eggs. Apply it warm. Buff 
the grain oft the leather where it is to be cemented ; rub the joint surfaces 
solidly together, let it dry a few hours, and it is ready for practical use ; 
and, if properly put together, it will not need riveting, as the cement is 
nearly of the same nature as the leather itself. 

To Remove Rusty Bolts. 

To remove bolts that have become rusted badly, without breakiug 
them, is quite simple if understood. The best method is to apply kero- 
sene oil liberally, and give time for it to soften the rust before any attempt 
is made to turn the nut. If, after the rust has softened, it does not start 
easily with the wrench, give a rap on one comer with a blow of the ham- 
mor. A hammer and cold chisel rightiy used will often start a rusted nut 
that would not yield to the wrench without twistiug off the bolt. 

How to Prepare Fence Posts* 

A western farmer says that he discoverd many years ago that wood could 
be made to last longer than iron in the ground. Time and weather, he says, 
seem to have no effect on it. Posts can be prepared for less than two 
cents apiece. This is the recipe : Take boiled linseed oil and stir it in 
pulverized charcoal to the consistency ef paint. Put a coat of this over 
the timber, and, he adds, there is not a man that will live to see it rot. 

A Practical Rule for Laying Pipe for Braining- Land. 

Distance 
Soils. Depth of Pipe. apart. 

Coarse Gravel Sand... 4 feet 6 inches 60 feet. 

Light Sand with Gravel 4 " 50 " 

Light Loam 3 " 6 » 33 " 

LoamwithClay 3 " 2 " 21 " 

" " Gravel 3 " 3 " 27 " 

Sandy Loam 3 "9 " ...40 « 

SoftClay 2 » 9 " !..21 •« 

Stiff " 2 " 6 " , 15 " 

Greatest Fall of Rain is 2 inches per hour= 54303.6 galls, per acre. 



52 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES 'AND QUERIES. 



WORKSHOP RECIPES-CEMENTS FOR IRON. 

To Mend Iron Pots. 

Take two parts sulphur, and one part, by weight, of fine black lead ; 
put the sulphur in an old iron pan, holding it over the fire until it begins 
to melt, then add the lead ; stir well until all is melted ; then pour out on 
ah iron plate or smooth stone. When cool, break into small pieces. A 
sufficient quantity of this compound being placed upon the crack of the 
iron pot to be mended, can be soldered by a hot iron in the same way that a 
tinsmith solders his sheets. If there is a small hole in the pot, drive a cop- 
per rivet in It and then 6older it with this cement. 

Cement for Annealing Boxes. 

Iron filings, 100 parts; lime milk, 40; quartz sand, 50; vinegar, 20. 
These are worked with water into a paste to which may be added, to ren- 
der the mass more porous, hair, sawdust, etc. 

Iron Cement for Hermetically Closing Stove Doors. 

Finest iron filings, 100 parts ; sal ammoniac, 10 ; limestone, 10 ; soluble 
glass solution, 10. These are mixed with watar to a thick paste, which is 
applied at once, and is left to dry slowly before heating. 

Cement for Broken Iron Vessels. 

Iron filings, 10 parts ; clay, 60. These are worked with linseed oil into 
a thick paste, which is applied after some more linseed oil has been added 
to it, and left to dry slowly. 

Bust Cement for Iron, 

"Wrought-iron filings, 65 parts ; cal ammoniac, 2)4 ; sulphur (flour), 1)4 ; 
sulphuric. acid, 1. The solid ingredients are mixed dry, sulphuric aeid 
diluted with sufficient water being then added. This cement dries after 
two or three days, and unites with the iron, making a very resisting and 
solid mass. 

Cement for Filling Faults in Castings. 

Iron filings, free from rust, 10 parts; sulphur, )4 ; sal ammoniac, 0.8. 
These are mixed, with water to a thick paste, which is rammed into the 
" faults." This becomes strong when the iron filings aro rusted , The parts 
which have to be cemented are treated before the operation with liquid 
ammonia, so as to be perfectly free from grease, 

Fire-Proof Cement. 

(1) Iron filings, 140 parts; hydraulic lime, 20; quartz sand, 25; sal 
ammoniac, 3. These are formed into a paste with vinegar, and then applied. 
This cement is left to dry slowly before heating. (2) Iron filings, 180 parts ; 
lime, 45 ; common salt, 8. These are worked into a paste with strong vin- 
egar. The cement must be perfectly dry before heated. By heating it 
becomes stone-hard. 

Iron Cement for High Temperatures. 

(1) Iron filings, 20 parts ; lime powder, 45 ; borax, 5 ; common salt, 5 ; 
permanganate of potash, 10. The borax and salts are dissolved in water, 
and are then mixed with the two first-named ingredients as quickly as pos- 
sible and used. This cement changes at a white heat to a glassy mass, 
which is perfectly air-proof. (2) Permanganate, 25 parts ; zinc white, 25 ; 
borax, 5. These are treated with a solution of soluble glass, and used at 
once. This cement must be left to dry slowly, and then it will resist the 
highest temperatures. 

Cement for Gas Betorts. 

For cementing earthenware gas retorts, which have to withstand very 
high temperatures, the following cement can be used : Powdered glass, 5 
parts ; chamotte meal, 5 ; powdered borax, 1. Chamotte meal is obtained by 
pulverizing broken pieces of gas retorts. This cement is a hard glass which 
only melts at the highest temperature, and then closes the leaks in the re- 
tort. To render the iron retort cover which closes the retort air-tight, a 
cement is used consisting of schwerspath powder, to which as much 
soluble glass has been mixed as to obtain a paste of sufficient strength. '~ 



153 



Headquarters lor Agricultural Implements 





Ctopion Barrows. Canal Barrows. 




Garden Barrows. 





coprer strip Peed Cutters. Lever Feel Cutters. Family Cider Mill. Union Cider Mill. 




Feed Box; 




Hay RacK. 



Corn Mill. 



Cultivators. 



Presses. 




Apex Harrow 





Lawn Boilers. 



Road Scrapers. 



Press Screw 



We have the finest and best illustrated Agricultural Implement Catalogue,in this country, 
which we furnish to dealers only, on application. We sell our goods which are second to 
none, at the -very lowest market price . Address 

METROPOLITAN AGRICULTURAL. WORKS, 

H. B. GRIFFING, 70 Oortlandt St., NEW YORK. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Plants or Trees. 



NUMBEB TO THE ACEE AT GIYEN DISTANCES. 



Dis. apart. No. Plants, 
ifoot 174,240 

1 " 43 560 

lfcfeet 19,360 

2 " 10,890 

2J " 6,969 

3 feet by 1 foot 14.520 

2 " 2 feet 7,260 

3 " 3 " 4,840 

4 " lfoot 10,888 

4 " 2 feet 5,444 

4 " 3 " 3,629 

4 " 4 " 2,722 

5 " 5 " 1,742 



Dis. apart. No. Plants. 
6 feet 1,210 



7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
15 
18 
20 
25 
30 



889 
680 
573 
435 
360 
302 
193 
134 
108 
69 
49 



Customary and Legal Weight of Yarious Articles in the 
United States. 



Apples per 

" dried 

Barley 

Beans , 

Buckwheat 

Broom Corn 

Blue Grass, Kentucky 
" " English. . 

Bran 

Canary Seed 

Castor Beans 

Clover Seed 

Corn, shelled. 

11 onear 

Corn Meal 

Charcoal 

Coal, Mineral 

Cranberries 

Dried Peaches 

Flax Seed 

Hemp Seed 

Hungarian Grass Seed 

Irish Potatoes, heap- 
ing measure 

Millet 

Malt 

Oats 

Osage Orange 

Orchard Grass 



lbs. 
bu. 48 
24 
48 
60 
48 
46 
14 
24 
20 
.60 
46 
64 
56 
70 
50 
22 
80 
40 
28 
55 
44 
50 

60 
50 
34 
32 
33 
14 



lbs. 

Onions perbu. 56 

Peas " 60 

Plastering Hair " 8 

Rape " 50 

Rye " 56 

Red Top Seed " 14 

Salt, Coarse " 50 

Salt, Michigan " 56 

Sweet Potatoes " 56 

Timothy Seed " 45 

Turnips " 55 

Wheat " 60 

Beef and Pork, per bbl., net 200 

Flour, per bbl , net 196 

White Fish and Trout, per 

bbl., net 200 

Salt, per bbl 280 

220 

22 
45 
48 
25£ 
38. V 
95' 
135 
169 



Lime, 

Hay, well settled, per cubic ft 

Corn, on cob, in bin, ' ' 
Corn, shelled, " 
Wheat, " " 

Oats, 

Potatoes, " 

Sand, dry, " 

Clay, compact, " 

Marble, " 

Seasoned Beech Wood.per cord 5,616 

" Hickory, " 6,960 



155 



HOPKINS 'HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



QUANTITY OF SEED REQUIRED 

TO PBODTJCE A GIVEN NUMBEB OF PLANTS AND SOW A GIVEN AMOUNT 

OF GEOUND. 



Quantity 
per acre. 

Artichoke, 1 oz. to 500 plants )4 lb. 

Asparagus, 1 oz. to 200 plants . . 5 lbs. 

Barley 2)4 bu. 

Beans, dwarf, 1 quart to 150 feet 

of drill 1U " 

Beans, pole, 1 quart to 200 hills. . }£ " 
Beet, garden, 1 oz. to 100 feet of 

drill 10 

Beet, Mangel, 1 oz. to 150 feet of 

drill 6 

Brocoli, 1 oz. to 3,000 plants 5 

Broom Corn 10 

Brussels Sprouts, 1 oz. to 3,000 

plants 5 " 

Buckwheat % bu. 

Cabbage, 1 oz. to 3,000 plants 5 oz. 

Carrot, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. . 2)4 lbs. 
Cauliflower. 1 oz. to 3,000 plants. 5 oz. 
Celery, 1 oz. to 10,000plants. ... 4 
Clover, Alsike and "White Dutch 6 
" Lucerne, Large Red and 

Crimson Trefoil 8 

" Medium 10 

Collards, 1 oz. to 2,500 plants 6 

Corn, sweet, 1 quart to 500 hills . 8 
Cress, 1 oz. to 150 feet of drill. . . 8 

Cucumber, 1 oz. to 80 hills 1J£ 

Egg Plant, 1 oz. to 2,000 plants . 8 
Endive, 1 oz. to 300 feet of drill. 3 

Flax, broad cast 14 

Garlic, bulbs, 1 lb. to 10 feet of 

Drill 

Gourd, 1 oz. to 25 hills 2)4 

Grass, Blue Kentucky 2 

" BlueEnglish 1 

" Hungarian and Millet )4 

" Mixed Lawn 3 

" Orchard, Perennial Rye, 
Red Top,Fowl Meadow 
and Wood Meadow .... 2 



lbs. 



oz. 
lbs. 



lbs. 



oz. 

qts. 
lbs. 

oz. 
lbs. 
bu. 



bu. 



Quantity 
per acre. 

Hemp % bu. 

Kale, 1 oz. to 3,000 plants 4 oz. 

KohlRabi, loz. to 200 feet of 

l^lbs. 

Leek, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill 4 " 

Lettuce, 1 oz. to 250f eet of drill. 3 " 
Martynia, 1 oz. to 50 feet of drill 10 " 
Melon, Musk, 1 oz. to 100 hills. . . 1% " 
Melon, Water, 1 oz. to 25 hills. . . \% " 
Nasturtium, 1 oz. to 50 feet of 

drill 10 " 

Oats 2% bu. 

Okra, 1 oz. to 50 feet of drill 10 lbs. 

Onion Seed, 1 oz, to 200 feet of 

drill., 5 " 

" " for Sets 30 " 

Onion Sets, 1 quart to 20 feet of 

drill 8 bu. 

Parsnip, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. 5 lbs. 
Parsley, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. 8 " 
Peas, garden, 1 quart to 150 feet 

of drill 1% bu. 

" field 2% " 

Pepper, 1 oz. to 1,500 plants 4 oz. 

Potatoes 8 bu. 

Pumpkin, 1 quart to 300 hills 4 qts. 

Radish, 1 oz. to 150 feet of drill . . 8 lbs. 

Rye \% bu. 

Salsify, 1 oz. to 60 feet of drill. . . 8 lbs. 
Spinage, 1 oz. to 150 feet of drill. 10 " 
Summer Savory, 1 oz. to 500 feet 

ofdrill 2 " 

Squash, summer, 1 oz. to 40 hills 2 " 
" winter, 1 oz. to 10 hills. . 3 " 
Tomato, 1 oz. to 3,000 plants .... 3 oz. 

Tobacco, 1 oz. to 5,000 plants 2 " 

Turnip, 1 oz. to 250 feet of drill. . 1)4 lbs. 

Vetches 2 bu. 

Wheat lto2" 



Telocity and Force of the Wind. 



Description. 



Hardly perceptible 

Just perceptible < 

Gentle Breeze •! 

Pleasant Breeze -j 

Brisk Gale ■[ 

High Wind { 

Very high Wind ■} 

Storm 

Great Storm < 

Hurricane s 



Miles 

per 

Hour. 



1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

10 

25 

20 

25 

30 

35 

40 

45 

50 

CO 

70 

SO 

100 



Feet per 
minute. 



88 

176 

264 

352 

440 

880 
1320 
1760 
2200 
2640 
3080 
3520 
3960 
4400 
5280 
6100 
7040 
8800 J 



Feet per 
second, 



1.47 

2.93 

4.4 

5.87 

7.33 

14.67 

22 

29.3 

36.6 

44. 

51.3 

58.6 

66. 

73.3 

8S. 
102.7 
117.3 
146 6 



Force in lbs. 
per sq. foot. 



.005 

.020 

.044 

.079 

.123 

.492 

1.107 

1.968 

3.075 

4.428 

6.027 

7.872 

9.963 

12.300 

17.712 

24.108 

31.488 

49.200 



156 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Dimensions of Cylindrical Vessels. 

It will be useful for tinners to know how to calculate the contents in 
gallons of cylindrical vessels. This is easily done by this formula : Square 
the diameter (in inches and decimal parts of an inch), multiply it by the 
height, then multiply the product by .0034 for wine gallons, or by .002785 
for beer gallons. 

Tinners are often called upon to construct a can or other cylindrical 
vessel to contain a certain number of gallons. The following table, fur- 
nished by an experienced tinner, gives the dimensions of cylindrical vessels 
which cut to advantage from tin or galvanized iron : 



Gallons. 


Diameter. 


Height. 


Gallons. 


Diameter. 


Height. 


1 


6f 


6| 


30 


18* 


26* 


2 


8£ 


8| 


35 


18* 


30* 


3 


9 


11* 


40 


IS-' . 


34 


4 


10* 


13g 


50 


20£ 


35 


5 


"J 


H* 


60 


22* 


38 


6 


11* 


13* 


70 


23 


40 


10 


13* 


16* • 


80 


24* 


40 


15 


15* 


19 


90 


24* 


45 


20 


16 


23 


100 


26 


45 


25 


18 


23 









Table of Dimensions of Tarious Measures of Capacity, 



Size. 


Diameter of 
Top. 


Diameter of 
Bottom. 


Height. 




Inches. 


Inches. 


Inches. 


1 gallon. 


5* 


6£ 


91 


1 it 


4 


H 


8 


1 quart. 


3* 


4 


52 


1 gallon. 


4 


7 


8* 


* " 


6* 


4 


4 


5 " 


8 


11* 


J2| 


3 " 


7 


uf 


10| 


2 " 


6 


10* 


8| 


1 " 


3| 


8f 


11 


20 quarts. 


19* 


13 


8 


16 " 


18 


U* 


H 


14 " 


m 


n 


e| 


10 " 


m 


ii 


H 


1 pint. 


21 


3£ 


H 


i (t 


2| 


2| 


H 


3 quarts, 


3* 


6 


8* 


1 pint. 


4i 


3| 


2| 


* gallon. 


31 


6S 


6£ 


1 " 


2* 


5£ 


5 


1 " 


2 


H 


H 


i (< 


1* 


H 


3^ 


2 quarts. 


9 


6 


3 3 


3 pints. 


8| 


5-3 


2| 


1 pint. 


H 


4 


2f 


Pie. 


9 


7* 


If 



Capacity of Boxes. 

A box 24 by 16 inches and 28 inches deep will contain 5 bushels. 
A box 24 by 16 inches and 14 inches deep will contain 2* bushels. 
A box 14 by 23 5 V inches and 10 inches deep will contain 1* bushels. 
A box 16 inches square and 8? inches deep will contain 1 bushel. 
A box 16 by 83 inches and 8 inches deep will contain * bushel. 
A box 8 inches square and 8§ inches deep will contain 1 peck. 
A box 8 by 83, inches and 4 inches deep will contain 1 gallon. 
A bos 8 by 4 inches and 4 J inches deep will contain \ gallon. 
A box 4 inches square and 4t\ inches deep will contain 1 quart' 



157 



J 



When you order to get the best, ask for 




IS 




ask for *^ TT^ 



\ MM J 






Best Block Tin Key, Maple Wood Body, Highly Polished, 

with Leather Lining. 

For Sale in every City "by the Leading" Jobbers in 
Hardware, Woodenware, Groceries Ss Liquor. 

The •• PEERLESS" Faucet is equaled by none, the only standard 

Faucet suitable for Wines, Liquors, Beer, Ale or Vinegar, -which will 
not form verdigris. Every "PEERLESS" Faucet is coated inside 
with an Impervious patent coating, which is a positive preventive 
from crackiDg or splitting.— Beware of Imitations sueh as Faucets 
similar in shape, with Keys made of LEAD, ISON or other INFEBIOB 
METALS, Tinned or Nickeled, which will in every instance form pois- 
onous Metallic corrosion, 
and are sold for our "PEER- 
LESS" Faucet with Pure 
Block Tin Key. 

Only the Genuine are Stamped 
in the wood with our trade mark 
"Maltese Cross" on one side, and 
on the opposite side with our eld 
brand with full name. 
8, 10 and 12 PEARL STREET, 
NEWARK, N. J. 

Everything in the wood Faucet line. World known John Sommer's I. X. L. Faueet. 
1st quality Cork Lined warranted, all labeled with our name, (lied Label). 

Send for our new 50 page illustrated and descriptive Catalogue of every thing in the ' 
oood Faucet line, and anyone using or selling Faucets ought to have one. 




tafactad by JOHN BEE'S SON, 



JOHN SOMMER'S 

BEST 
BLOCK TIN KEY/ 




AJVCERIOAJST 




DAYTON, OHIO, 

MANUFACTURERS OP 



PATENT REVOLVING BOLT aid SCREW CASES. 



The American Bolt and Screw Case Co. of Day- 
ton, O., are the only manufacturers of these Cases. 
Many improvements have been added to th em i 
making them now as perfect and complete, as well 
as ornamental, as could be desired. They are 
now using iron standards, screwed firmly into an 
iron hub, in the bottom, which makes them per- 
fectly true and solid. The tops and bottoms are 
double, with the grain of the wood crossed, glued 
and screwed together, and braced with iron rods, 
which bind the whole firmly together ; thus mak- 
ing it strong enough to bear three times the 
weight that can be put into it; and by which 
means they revolve perfectly true and easy ; and 
they are giving universal satisfaction. 

SEND FOR CIRCULAR. 

ALL CASES GUARANTEED. 



HOPKINS' HANDY NOTES AND QUEUES. 



Capacity of Cylindrical Cisterns or Tanks, 

FOB EACH FOOT OF DEPTH. 



Diameter 
in feet. 



2.0 
2.5 
3.0 
3.5 
4.0 
4.5 
5.0 
5.5 
6.0 
6.5 
7.0 
7.5 
8.0 
8.5 



Gallons. 



23.5 

86,7 

52.9 

72.0 

94.0 

119.0 

146.9 

177.7 

211.5 

248.2 

287.9 

330.5 

376.0 

424.5 



Pounds. 



196 

306 

441 

600 

784 

992 

1,225 

1,482 

1,764 

2,070 

2,401 

2,756 

3,135 

3,540 



Diameter 
in feet. 



9.0 
9.5 
10.0 
11.0 
12.0 
13.0 
14.0 
15.0 
20.0 
25.0 
30.0 
35.0 
40.0 



Gallons. 


Pounds. 


475.9 


3,968 


530.2 


4,421 


587.5 


4,899 


710.9 


5,928 


846.0 


7,054 


992.9 


8,280 


1,151.5 


9,602 


1,321.9 


11,023 


2,350.1 


19,596 


3,672.0 


30,620 


5,287.7 


44,093 


7,197.1 


60.016 


9,400.3 


78,388 



Kule for Measuring the Capacity of a Circular Cistern. 

Multiply the square of the diameter by .7854, or the square of the cir- 
cumference by .07958, in order to find the area of the cistern, then multiply 
the area by the depth in inches, and divide the product by 231. The quo- 
tient will equal the number of gallons the cistern will contain. 

In measuring cisterns, etc., 3i£ gallons are estimated to one barrel; 
63 gallons to one hogshead. 



Capacity of Cisterns in Barrels (31£ Gals.) 



Depth 


1 foot. 


Depth 1 foot. 


Diameter. 


Barrels. 


Diameter. 


Barrels. 


Feet, 2 


.74 


Feet, 84 


13.47 


" 1\ 


1.16 


" 9 


15.11 


" 3 


1.70 


" 9£ 


16.81 


" 3£ 


2.28 


" 10 


18.65 


" 4 


2.98 


" 11 


22.56 


H 


3.77 


" 12 


26.85 


5 


4.66 


" 13 


31.61 


" 5* 


5.64 


h 14 


36.55 


" 6 


6.71 


" 15 


41.96 


•• 6£ 


7.88 


" 20 


74.60 


i. 7 


9.13 


" 25 


116.57 


7* 


10.49 


" 30 


167.86 


8 


11.93 







Bale for Measuring the Capacity of a Square Cistern. 

Multiply the length in feet by the widtlj in feet, and multiply that by 
1.728, then divide by 231. The quotient Will be the number of gallons 
capacity of one foot in depth. 



159 



5A3YH>LE3 OF" 



Sunn's IniPBora Minus Tools. 



UNIVERSAL 

Hand Beader 

NO. 66 

With Seven Steel Cutters 

$1.00 





RULE 

Trammel Points 

NO. 99, 

Per Set of Three, 

$0.50. 



CHISEL GAUGE, 



For Blind Nailing, 

No. 96, 
WITH STEEL STOCK, 

so. 20. 





BIT AND SQUARE 
LEVEL, 

No. 66, 

Brass Frame and Screw 

SO. 30. 



ADJUSTABLE 



CHAMFER PLANE, 

NO. 72, 
Cast Iron Stock,$ 2.00. 




No. 72 1-2, 

With Beading Attachment, 
$3.00. 

Stanley Rule and Level Co., New Britain, Conn, 



THE TRADE'S FAVORITE STILL AHEAD ! 

THE HEW YORK ELBOW COjDPHHY 




Manufrs. of 

SHEET 
METAL 
ELBOWS 

AND 




The Empire Roaster and Baker 

IS Cliff Street, ILsTew "STorls- 

1 17 N. 2d ST.. PHILADELPHIA. 



• o c 
3 a 






3^ 



PQ 



sit - 

£ ^ © 

©.S *= 

* £ 3 



?6| 






r 5 -2 -^ 

CO «tH 









ALL ELBOWS OF 

Our Manufacture 




Sear Red Label "None Genuine Without It," 



O h Ei B* 

S' C P * a 

B a <t Si 

C" & CD 

wv * ►? 

O ^ P » 

o O O 

o .^ 2. 

P e4- S* ^ 
e«- ,«..«< CD 

8??l 

x » x 

5?B B C 
B P rt- B" 

an ^ ty B 

^ CD CD 0<3 



Send for Price-List and Sample Dozen. 



ASK YOUR JOBBER FOR 

New York Elbow Company's Elbows. 



The New Wa 

Put Your Finger Rig 





\ccurate, 

Rapid, 

Practical. 



The hand points to the net of 



Tables, reduced in size, from 
LADD'S DISCOUNT BOOK. 



73 cents, 
$7.30 
$73.00« 
$730.00 
$7,300.00 
$73,000.00 



21 cents. 

$2.13 

$21.33 

$213.31 

$2,133.11 

$21,331.10 



If the amount was, say $73.45, add the net of 45 cents, which the table shows is 13 cen+^ total net $21.46- 



